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Development of Hydrophilic Thin-film Nanocomposite Nanofiltration Membranes
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Membrane separation remains one of the most efficient and cost-effective
technologies in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and medical industries, enabling
the recovery of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), wastewater treatment,
and solvent reclamation. In this work, three categories of polyamide (PA)
membranes were fabricated via interfacial polymerization of piperazine (PIP)
and trimesoyl chloride (TMC): (i) blank thin-film composite (TFC) membranes,
(ii) thin-film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes incorporating hydrophilic Zr-
based metal-organic framework (MOF-808), and (iii) biomimetic TFN
membranes with aquaporin proteins encapsulated in sílica particles. The effects
of monomer concentrations, nanofiller loading, curing temperature, and curing
time were investigated. Advanced characterization techniques were employed
to analyze the TFN membranes and compare them with the TFC membranes.
Experimental results showed that the TFN membrane with 0.01 wt.% MOF-808
exhibited enhanced salt rejection in the following order: Na₂SO₄ (93.35%) >
MgSO₄ (92.92%) > MgCl₂ (88.26%) > NaCl (40.74%).
Incorporation of nanoparticles improved membrane hydrophilicity, as evidenced
by a reduction in contact angle from 45.05 ± 0.77° (in the blank TFC) to 37.68 ±
0.71° (TFN-0.02 wt.% MOF-808) and 39.02 ± 2.43° (TFN-0.02 wt.% aquaporin
protein). An optimal biomimetic membrane was achieved with a protein
concentration of 0.01 wt.%, resulting in a permeate flux of 42.55 L/m²/h at 5 bar,
with a Na2SO4 rejection of 82.16%. Dye rejection performance also improved
with the incorporation of nanofillers. The TFC membrane achieved rejections of
97.62 ± 0.97% and 97.52 ± 0.38% for Methylene Blue (MB) and Rose Bengal
(RB), respectively, while TFN-0.01 wt.% MOF- 808 had 97.42 ± 1.14% for MB,
and 98.91 ± 0.69% for RB. The biomimetic TFN membrane exhibited an
enhanced rejection, i.e. 98.66 ± 0.06% and 98.12 ± 0.31% for MB and RB
respectively.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Polyamide Hydrophilic Nanofiltration Membrane Thin-Film Nanocomposite (TFN) Membrane Biomimetic Membrane MOF-808 Interfacial Polymerization