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Irregular migration from the Middle East to the European Union (EU) poses multifaceted socioeconomic, legal, and security issues. This dissertation analyzes the main causes of irregular migration, such as political instability, economic crises, and geopolitical considerations. It critically evaluates EU policies, specifically the Return Directive and externalization of asylum processing, with a focus on their legal and humanitarian implications. The research investigates how detention and deportation policies have been condemned for breaching human rights, consistently falling short of international standards like the European Convention on Human Rights and the UN Refugee Convention. It also examines the role of
Frontex and the European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA) in border control and asylum processes and challenges their accountability. While border security and control are the priorities of the EU, critics cite that policies are not transparent, lack judicial review and fair asylum procedures. The thesis calls for the need to establish a balanced approach between security measures and humanitarian obligations and suggests legal reforms that promote fundamental rights. The research addsto the heated debate on migration governance, proposing amore holistic approach to regulating irregular migration and ensuring responsible enforcement of migration laws.
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Irregular Migration EU Asylum Policy Human Rights Return Directive Frontex Middle East Migration
