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Rare material dependency and its long-term effects on offshore wind turbine supply chains in Europe: balancing demand and capacity in European scenarios through 2030- optimistic scenario
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
European offshore energy highly depends on wind turbines using rare earth elements (REEs)
that are mainly sourced from China. Europe therefore faces significant geopolitical and supply
chain risks, which this study assesses based on literature research, expert interviews and
scenario analyses. Results show that Europe is unlikely to reach its offshore wind targets for
2030. The expected scenario is characterized by insufficient and slow progress. Its mitigation
requires REE sourcing diversification and the implementation of innovative technologies and
supportive policies. These findings underscore the importance of securing REE supply chains
to maintain growth in offshore wind and meet climate targets.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Offshore wind Rare earth elements Energy transition Geopolitics Supply chain disruption