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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A campanha negativa tem merecido uma crescente atenção no âmbito da Ciência Política nas
últimas décadas, primeiro nos Estados Unidos da América e depois noutras regiões, em especial
na Europa. Em Portugal, são poucos os trabalhos sistematizados sobre negatividade em contexto
de campanhas eleitorais, com diferentes objetos de estudo, mas todos apontam para baixos níveis.
Através da análise de conteúdo de debates eleitorais (algo pouco explorado no país) e das
publicações das contas oficiais de Facebook dos partidos com assento parlamentar quisemos
esmiuçar os níveis e as características de campanha negativa, tendo como pano de fundo a
campanha para as eleições legislativas de 2024.
Os resultados desta dissertação confirmam que a negatividade é residual nas publicações de
Facebook, com cinco de oito partidos a exceder os 90% de positividade. Porém, há uma grande
diferença geral de percentagens em comparação com os debates, onde CHEGA, BE e IL tiveram
até maior percentagem de negatividade do que positividade, indicando que os debates são um
muito mais propensos à campanha negativa. O peso dos ataques de caráter foi especialmente
grande no partido populista CHEGA e alastrou-se a outros partidos tradicionais, indicando uma
possível tendência de personalização do debate político em Portugal.
Negative campaigning has received some attention in the field of Political Science over the past decades, first in the United States of America and later in other regions, particularly in Europe. In Portugal, there are few systematic studies on negativity in the context of electoral campaigns, with different objects of study, but all pointing to low levels. Through content analysis of electoral debates (still relatively unexplored in the country) and the posts from the official Facebook accounts of parliamentary parties, we aimed to examine the levels and characteristics of negative campaigning in the 2024 legislative elections. The results of this dissertation confirm that negativity is minimal in Facebook posts, with five out of eight parties exceeding 90% positivity. However, there is a significant overall difference in percentages compared to debates, where CHEGA, BE and IL had a higher percentage of negativity than positivity, indicating that debates are much more prone to negative campaigning. The weight of character attacks was particularly high in the populist party CHEGA and spread to other traditional parties, suggesting a possible contagion of personalization politics in Portugal.
Negative campaigning has received some attention in the field of Political Science over the past decades, first in the United States of America and later in other regions, particularly in Europe. In Portugal, there are few systematic studies on negativity in the context of electoral campaigns, with different objects of study, but all pointing to low levels. Through content analysis of electoral debates (still relatively unexplored in the country) and the posts from the official Facebook accounts of parliamentary parties, we aimed to examine the levels and characteristics of negative campaigning in the 2024 legislative elections. The results of this dissertation confirm that negativity is minimal in Facebook posts, with five out of eight parties exceeding 90% positivity. However, there is a significant overall difference in percentages compared to debates, where CHEGA, BE and IL had a higher percentage of negativity than positivity, indicating that debates are much more prone to negative campaigning. The weight of character attacks was particularly high in the populist party CHEGA and spread to other traditional parties, suggesting a possible contagion of personalization politics in Portugal.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Campanhas Negativas Negative Campaigning Campanhas Eleitorais Electoral Campaigns Marketing Político Political Marketing Personalização Personalization Populismo Populism Eleições Legislativas Legislative Elections
