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Os desafios na fundamentação da matéria de facto no crime de abuso sexual de crianças
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O presente Relatório divide-se em três partes: inicialmente, explanamos o funcionamento, a organização e as tarefas que desenvolvemos, destacando dois casos interessantes a que pudemos assistir ao longo dos cinco meses de estágio decorridos num dos tribunais coletivos inseridos no Juízo Central Criminal de Almada.
Em segundo lugar, focamo-nos nos desafios associados ao dever de fundamentação do Tribunal, particularmente, no crime de abuso sexual de crianças, do qual enfatizamos a matéria relativa ao dever de fundamentação e prova em processo penal, mais concretamente, a prova testemunhal (depoimento do/a menor), conectando-a com alguns princípios relevantes e com a psicologia do testemunho. E, por fim, dedicamos toda a nossa atenção aos critérios utilizados pela jurisprudência para motivar a decisão relativa à matéria de facto, mas modificando-os ou salientando alguns aspetos importantes.
O depoimento da criança é uma peça-chave para a absolvição ou condenação neste tipo de criminalidade, existindo em muitos casos, apenas as versões contraditórias da vítima e do arguido. Os números não enganam, pelo que a grande maioria destes crimes são praticados no seio familiar, em que a probabilidade de deteção da sua prática é muitíssimo reduzida.
A enunciação de alguns dos princípios vetores da nossa lei adjetiva, em conjugação com o dever de fundamentação, uma das garantias constitucionalmente previstas, e com a prova testemunhal, um dos mais importantes meios de prova consagrados na nossa ordem jurídica serviram para nos ajudar a desconstruir a motivação empregue, no que concerne, especificamente, ao testemunho do/a ofendido/a no crime de abuso sexual de crianças, pelos nossos Tribunais para justificar a prova ou não prova dos factos de que o arguido vem acusado.
Para tal, o presente Relatório visa analisar diversa jurisprudência no sentido de perceber de que forma, por um lado, os Tribunais de primeira instância motivam as suas decisões no que concerne às declarações da criança e os Tribunais de Recurso a controlam e, por outro lado, se os critérios ou parâmetros utilizados são os mais adequados para o tipo incriminador e o depoente em causa e se estão a ser usados de forma satisfatória.
The present report is divided into three parts: initially we explain its functioning, organization and the tasks we develop, highlighting two interesting cases that we were able to attend during the five months of internship in one of the collective courts inserted in the Central Criminal Court of Almada. Secondly, we focus on the challenges associated with the duty to give reasons, particularly in the child sexual abuse, of which we emphasize the matter related to the duty to give reasons and criminal evidence. proceedings, more specifically, testimonial evidence (minor testimony), connecting it with some relevant principles and with the psychology of testimony. And finally, we turn all our attention to the criteria used by the jurisprudence but modifying them or prominence some important aspects. The child's testimony is a key piece for acquittal or conviction in this type of crime, and in many cases, there are only the contradictory versions of the victim and the defendant. The numbers are not deceiving, so most of these crimes are committed within the family, where the probability of detecting their practice is very low. The enunciation of some of the guiding principles of our procedural law, jointly with the duty to give reasons, one of the constitutionally guarantees, and with testimonial evidence, one of the most important modes of proof enshrined in our legal system, served to help us deconstruct the motivation used, specifically with regard to the victim testimony in the child sexual abuse, by our Courts to justify the proof or non-proof of the facts of which the defendant is accused. To this end, this Report aims to analyse various jurisprudence in order to understand how, on the one hand, the Courts of first instance motivate their decisions regarding the child's statements and the Courts of Appeal control it and, on the other hand, whether the criteria or parameters used are the most appropriate for the crime and the victim and whether they are being used satisfactorily.
The present report is divided into three parts: initially we explain its functioning, organization and the tasks we develop, highlighting two interesting cases that we were able to attend during the five months of internship in one of the collective courts inserted in the Central Criminal Court of Almada. Secondly, we focus on the challenges associated with the duty to give reasons, particularly in the child sexual abuse, of which we emphasize the matter related to the duty to give reasons and criminal evidence. proceedings, more specifically, testimonial evidence (minor testimony), connecting it with some relevant principles and with the psychology of testimony. And finally, we turn all our attention to the criteria used by the jurisprudence but modifying them or prominence some important aspects. The child's testimony is a key piece for acquittal or conviction in this type of crime, and in many cases, there are only the contradictory versions of the victim and the defendant. The numbers are not deceiving, so most of these crimes are committed within the family, where the probability of detecting their practice is very low. The enunciation of some of the guiding principles of our procedural law, jointly with the duty to give reasons, one of the constitutionally guarantees, and with testimonial evidence, one of the most important modes of proof enshrined in our legal system, served to help us deconstruct the motivation used, specifically with regard to the victim testimony in the child sexual abuse, by our Courts to justify the proof or non-proof of the facts of which the defendant is accused. To this end, this Report aims to analyse various jurisprudence in order to understand how, on the one hand, the Courts of first instance motivate their decisions regarding the child's statements and the Courts of Appeal control it and, on the other hand, whether the criteria or parameters used are the most appropriate for the crime and the victim and whether they are being used satisfactorily.
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Juízo Central Criminal de Almada crime de abuso sexual de crianças depoimento do menor dever de fundamentação matéria de facto critérios auxiliadores do juiz jurisprudência Central Criminal Court of Almada child sexual abuse minor testimony duty to give reasons facts criteria that assist the judge jurisprudence