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Pesquisa de bactérias entéricas multirresistentes em suínos produzidos para consumo humano
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Muitas doenças de origem alimentar são causadas por agentes zoonóticos transmitidos através de carne contaminada ou fezes de animais de produção, o que representa uma preocupação significativa para a saúde pública.
Este estudo visa identificar e caraterizar, fenotípica e genotipicamente, estirpes de Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. e Yersinia enterocolitica provenientes de amostras de fezes (n=141) e de carne crua (n=47) de porco destinados ao consumo humano.
A presença de E. coli foi detectada em 31,9% das amostras de carne e em todas as amostras de fezes. Nos isolados fecais, foram identificadas estirpes patogénicas, incluindo E. coli enteropatogénica (EPEC, 1,4%), E. coli produtora de toxina Shiga (STEC, 0,7%), E. coli enterotoxigénica (ETEC, 1,4%), híbrido STEC/ETEC (0,7%) e E. coli enteroagregativa (EAEC, 1,4%). Nos isolados de carne, foram identificadas estirpes de EAEC em 6,7%. Contudo, todos os isolados de E. coli sequenciados apresentaram genes de virulência de E. coli patogénica extraintestinal (ExPEC). Não foram detectadas estirpes de Salmonella spp. ou Shigella spp.. Por outro lado, Y. enterocolitica foi identificada em 3,5% das amostras fecais analisadas, sendo outras duas espécies de Yersinia encontradas em 4,3% das amostras de carne.
A resistência a antibióticos foi observada em 65,0% dos isolados de E. coli, dos quais 37,4% apresentavam um perfil multirresistente (MDR), incluindo sete isolados resistentes a cinco ou mais classes de antibióticos. Todos os isolados de Y. enterocolitica provenientes de fezes demonstraram resistência, dos quais 40% foram classificados como MDR. As resistências mais prevalentes foram à Tetraciclina, Ampicilina, Sulfametoxazol-Trimetoprim e Cloranfenicol. Adicionalmente, foram identificados isolados resistentes a antibióticos de importância crítica para a saúde humana, incluindo (Fluoro)quinolonas, Aminoglicosídeos e Macrólidos. Três isolados de E. coli produtoras de β-lactamases de espectro alargado (ESBL) foram identificadas em amostras fecais, sendo apenas detectado um isolado na carne de porco.
Foi verificada uma elevada diversidade de serótipos e de sequências tipo (STs). A análise filogenética das estirpes de Y. enterocolitica revelou a presença de três clusters genéticos distintos. Por sua vez, não foram identificados clusters genéticos entre os isolados de E. coli analisados.
A identificação de E. coli patogénicas e Y. enterocolitica, incluindo isolados MDR, em fezes e carne de porco produzidos para consumo humano evidencia o potencial destes reservatórios como fontes de transmissão de agentes patogénicos para humanos, evidenciando a importância da sua monitorização ao longo da cadeia alimentar. A implementação de uma abordagem One Health é crucial para a deteção e gestão eficaz de doenças de origem alimentar, de modo a garantir a segurança alimentar.
Many foodborne illnesses are caused by zoonotic agents transmitted through contaminated meat or farm animal faeces, representing a major public health concern. This study aims to identify and characterize, phenotypically and genotypically, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. e Yersinia enterocolitica strains from faeces (n=141) and raw meat (n=47) samples of pigs intended for human consumption. E. coli was detected in 31.9% of meat samples and in all faecal samples. In faecal isolates, pathogenic strains were identified, including enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC, 1.4%), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC, 0.7%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC, 1.4%), hybrid STEC/ETEC (0.7%), and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC, 1.4%). In meat isolates, EAEC strains were identified in 6.7%. However, all E. coli isolates that were sewuenced carried virulence genes linked to extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). No Salmonella spp. or Shigella spp. strains were detected. Y. enterocolitica was identified in 3.5% of faecal samples, while two additional Yersinia spp. were found in 4.3% of meat samples. Antibiotic resistance was observed in 65.0% of E. coli isolates from faeces, of which 37.4% exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) profile, including seven isolates resistant to five or more antibiotic classes. All Y. enterocolitica isolates from faecal samples showed resistance, of which 40% were classified as MDR. The most commonly detected antimicrobial resistances were against Tetracycline, Ampicillin, Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim, and Chloramphenicol. Additionally, isolates resistant to critically important antibiotics for human health were identified, such as (Fluoro)quinolones, Aminoglycosides, and mMcrolides. Three extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coli isolates were identified in faecal samples, with only one detected in meat isolates. A high diversity of serotypes and sequence types (STs) was observed. Phylogenetic analysis of Y. enterocolitica strains revealed the presence of three distinct genetic clusters. In contrast, no genetic clusters were identified among E. coli isolates analyzed. The identification of pathogenic E. coli and Y. enterocolitica, including MDR isolates, in faeces and meat from pigs produced for human consumption highlights the potential of these reservoirs as sources of pathogen transmission to humans, underscoring the importance of their monitoring throughout the food chain. Adopting a One Health approach is crucial for the effective detection and management of foodborne diseases to ensure food safety.
Many foodborne illnesses are caused by zoonotic agents transmitted through contaminated meat or farm animal faeces, representing a major public health concern. This study aims to identify and characterize, phenotypically and genotypically, Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp. e Yersinia enterocolitica strains from faeces (n=141) and raw meat (n=47) samples of pigs intended for human consumption. E. coli was detected in 31.9% of meat samples and in all faecal samples. In faecal isolates, pathogenic strains were identified, including enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC, 1.4%), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC, 0.7%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC, 1.4%), hybrid STEC/ETEC (0.7%), and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC, 1.4%). In meat isolates, EAEC strains were identified in 6.7%. However, all E. coli isolates that were sewuenced carried virulence genes linked to extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). No Salmonella spp. or Shigella spp. strains were detected. Y. enterocolitica was identified in 3.5% of faecal samples, while two additional Yersinia spp. were found in 4.3% of meat samples. Antibiotic resistance was observed in 65.0% of E. coli isolates from faeces, of which 37.4% exhibited a multidrug-resistant (MDR) profile, including seven isolates resistant to five or more antibiotic classes. All Y. enterocolitica isolates from faecal samples showed resistance, of which 40% were classified as MDR. The most commonly detected antimicrobial resistances were against Tetracycline, Ampicillin, Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim, and Chloramphenicol. Additionally, isolates resistant to critically important antibiotics for human health were identified, such as (Fluoro)quinolones, Aminoglycosides, and mMcrolides. Three extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producing E. coli isolates were identified in faecal samples, with only one detected in meat isolates. A high diversity of serotypes and sequence types (STs) was observed. Phylogenetic analysis of Y. enterocolitica strains revealed the presence of three distinct genetic clusters. In contrast, no genetic clusters were identified among E. coli isolates analyzed. The identification of pathogenic E. coli and Y. enterocolitica, including MDR isolates, in faeces and meat from pigs produced for human consumption highlights the potential of these reservoirs as sources of pathogen transmission to humans, underscoring the importance of their monitoring throughout the food chain. Adopting a One Health approach is crucial for the effective detection and management of foodborne diseases to ensure food safety.
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Bactérias entéricas Suínos Resistência antimicrobiana Sequenciação completa do genoma Saúde pública