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Utilização da Análise SARA e Flash-Assay para o Estudo dos Asfaltenos na Alimentação de uma Unidade de Visbreaker
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Desde 2020, a produção mundial de petróleo apresenta um crescimento de 2,7%, acompanhado também por um aumento no consumo na ordem dos 3,9%. Em Portugal, esse consumo ascende a 216 kbpd.
A refinaria de Sines processa anualmente 226 kbpd de crude, que passa por uma coluna de destilação atmosférica, de destilação a vácuo e pela unidade de visbreaker. O visbreaker, com uma capacidade de 27 000 BPSD, é crucial para maximizar a conversão total da fábrica. A acumulação de impurezas reduz a sua eficiência e dilata o tempo de paragem, o que provoca um impacto severo nas operações da refinaria.
O equipamento IATROSCAN MK-6s, que realiza a análise SARA (saturados, aromáticos, resinas e asfaltenos), foi utilizado em paralelo com a unidade piloto de Flash-Assay (FA), para obter a quantidade de asfaltenos em amostras de resíduos dos crudes puros, dos programas de fabrico (PF) e dos tanques de armazenamento. Foi verificado que este aparelho cumpre com os requisitos de precisão necessários para a obtenção de resultados.
Dos 14 crudes estudados, aqueles que apresentam maior teor de asfaltenos são: Sépia, Cabinda, Nkossa e Zafiro. Adicionalmente, dos sete PF analisados, identificou-se que a percentagem de asfaltenos excedeu os 20% em resíduos das ramas de Búzios e Saharan Blend.
A comparação entre a operação da fábrica e da unidade piloto de FA demonstrou uma redução de 24% dos asfaltenos em resíduos atmosféricos (RAT) e de 42,5% em resíduos de vácuo (RVAC) na unidade piloto.
Também foi analisado um tanque de armazenamento de RAT, de modo a avaliar a influência do tempo de permanência e da estratificação no tanque na quantidade de asfaltenos (+20%) e o efeito da temperatura (+23%).
Since 2020, there has been an increase in world oil production of 2.7%, accompanied by an increase in consumption of approximately 3.9%. In Portugal, this consumption amounts to 216 kbpd. The Sines refinery processes 226 kbpd of crude oil on an annual basis, which is subjected to atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, and a visbreaker unit. The visbreaker, with a capacity of 27,000 BPSD, is pivotal for maximising the plant's total conversion. The accumulation of impurities has been shown to reduce the efficiency of the visbreaker and extend periods of downtime, which in turn has a severe impact on refinery operations. The IATROSCAN MK-6s equipment, which carries out SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) analysis, was utilised in parallel with the Flash-Assay (FA) pilot unit to obtain the amount of asphaltenes in samples of residues from pure crudes, manufacturing pro-grammes (PF) and storage tanks. It was ascertained that the apparatus in question satisfied the precision requirements necessary to obtain results. Of the 14 crudes analysed, those with the highest asphaltene content are: Sépia, Cabinda, Nkossa and Zafiro. Furthermore, an analysis of seven PFs revealed that the percentage of asphaltenes exceeded 20% in residues from the Búzios and Saharan Blend crudes. A comparison of the plant's operation with that of the FA pilot unit revealed a 24 per cent reduction in asphaltenes in atmospheric residue (RAT) and a significant 42.5 per cent de-crease in vacuum residue (RVAC) at the pilot unit. Finally, an analysis was conducted on a RAT storage tank to evaluate the influence of the residence time and stratification on the amount of asphaltenes (+20%) and the effect of temperature (+23%).
Since 2020, there has been an increase in world oil production of 2.7%, accompanied by an increase in consumption of approximately 3.9%. In Portugal, this consumption amounts to 216 kbpd. The Sines refinery processes 226 kbpd of crude oil on an annual basis, which is subjected to atmospheric distillation, vacuum distillation, and a visbreaker unit. The visbreaker, with a capacity of 27,000 BPSD, is pivotal for maximising the plant's total conversion. The accumulation of impurities has been shown to reduce the efficiency of the visbreaker and extend periods of downtime, which in turn has a severe impact on refinery operations. The IATROSCAN MK-6s equipment, which carries out SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) analysis, was utilised in parallel with the Flash-Assay (FA) pilot unit to obtain the amount of asphaltenes in samples of residues from pure crudes, manufacturing pro-grammes (PF) and storage tanks. It was ascertained that the apparatus in question satisfied the precision requirements necessary to obtain results. Of the 14 crudes analysed, those with the highest asphaltene content are: Sépia, Cabinda, Nkossa and Zafiro. Furthermore, an analysis of seven PFs revealed that the percentage of asphaltenes exceeded 20% in residues from the Búzios and Saharan Blend crudes. A comparison of the plant's operation with that of the FA pilot unit revealed a 24 per cent reduction in asphaltenes in atmospheric residue (RAT) and a significant 42.5 per cent de-crease in vacuum residue (RVAC) at the pilot unit. Finally, an analysis was conducted on a RAT storage tank to evaluate the influence of the residence time and stratification on the amount of asphaltenes (+20%) and the effect of temperature (+23%).
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Visbreaker Análise SARA Flash-Assay Asfaltenos Crudes Puros