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Declaração de nulidade do contrato de arrendamento urbano por falta de forma
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A presente dissertação foi elaborada, com vista a obter grau de Mestre em Direito Forense e Arbitragem, pela Universidade NOVA, após frequentar o estágio curricular, no Juízo Local Cível de Cascais. Neste tive a oportunidade de acompanhar de perto o quotidiano de um magistrado judicial, bem como, analisar alguns processos relativos às mais diversas problemáticas jurídicas. Porém, aquela me suscitou um particular interesse e sobre a qual irá versar o meu estudo é a Declaração de Nulidade do Contrato de Arrendamento por Falta de Forma.
Em primeiro lugar, estudei matérias jurídicas como a Invalidade Jurídica, a Forma do Contrato ou o Contrato de Locação que, de uma forma geral, enquadram doutrinalmente as problemáticas jurídicas mais específicas que constituem o objeto do presente estudo.
Analisei questões de saber se a invocação da nulidade do contrato de arrendamento por preterição de forma legalmente exigida pode constituir ou não um abuso de direito, analisando a conduta das partes, aquando da celebração do contrato, e se o contrato celebrado entre as partes é válido mesmo que não assuma forma escrita, numa discussão em torno dos conceitos de forma “ad substantiam” e forma “ad probationem”. Por fim, declarada a nulidade do contrato de arrendamento por falta de forma, analisei quais os efeitos desta, isto é, que impacto tem na esfera jurídica das partes.
Após uma introdução teórica, com vista a integrar os temas no presente estudo, foquei a minha investigação numa vertente mais prática, apresentando uma análise jurisprudencial cronológica de todas as instâncias, tendo em conta divergências de entendimentos dentro da mesma.
Em jeito de conclusão, com um olhar mais crítico sobre os diversos temas, confrontei doutrina com jurisprudência, concluindo que, não obstante, a declaração de nulidade do contrato de arrendamento por falta de forma ser preterida, perante circunstâncias como o abuso de direito ou a existência de meios probatórios, em muitos casos, não se pode evitar. Assim, o nosso ordenamento jurídico regulou-a, com vista à reposição da esfera jurídica de cada um dos contraentes, impondo-lhes uma obrigação de restituição.
This dissertation was prepared with a view to obtaining a Master's degree in Forensic Law and Arbitration by NOVA School of Law, after attending the curricular internship, at the Local Civil Court of Cascais. In this I had the opportunity to closely follow the daily life of a judicial magistrate, as well as to analyze some cases related to the most diverse legal problems. However, the one that aroused a particular interest in me and on which my study will deal is the Declaration of Nullity of the Lease Agreement due to Lack of Form. Firstly, I studied legal matters such as Legal Invalidity, the Form of the Contract or the Lease Agreement which, in general, doctrinally frame the more specific legal problems that constitute the object of this study. I analysed questions as to whether or not the invocation of the nullity of the lease contract due to infringement of a legally required manner may constitute an abuse of rights, analysing the conduct of the parties, when the contract was concluded, and wether the contract entered between the parties is valid even if it does not take written form, in a discussion around the concepts of form “ad substantiam” and form “ad probationem”. Finally, having declared the lease agreement null and void due to lack of form, I analyzed its effects, that is, what impact it has on the legal sphere of the parties. After a theoretical introduction, in order to integrate the themes in this study, I focused my research on more pratical aspect, presenting a chronological jurisprudential analysis of all instances, taking into account divergences of understandings within it. By way of conclusion, with a more critical look at the various topics, I confronted doctrine with jurisprudence, concluding that, nevertheless, the declaration of nullity of the lease agreement due to lack of form being passed over, in circumstances such as abuse of rights or the existence of means of evidence, in many cases cannot be avoid. Thus, our legal system regulated it, with a view to restoring the legal sphere of each of the contracting parties, imposing on them an obligation to restitute.
This dissertation was prepared with a view to obtaining a Master's degree in Forensic Law and Arbitration by NOVA School of Law, after attending the curricular internship, at the Local Civil Court of Cascais. In this I had the opportunity to closely follow the daily life of a judicial magistrate, as well as to analyze some cases related to the most diverse legal problems. However, the one that aroused a particular interest in me and on which my study will deal is the Declaration of Nullity of the Lease Agreement due to Lack of Form. Firstly, I studied legal matters such as Legal Invalidity, the Form of the Contract or the Lease Agreement which, in general, doctrinally frame the more specific legal problems that constitute the object of this study. I analysed questions as to whether or not the invocation of the nullity of the lease contract due to infringement of a legally required manner may constitute an abuse of rights, analysing the conduct of the parties, when the contract was concluded, and wether the contract entered between the parties is valid even if it does not take written form, in a discussion around the concepts of form “ad substantiam” and form “ad probationem”. Finally, having declared the lease agreement null and void due to lack of form, I analyzed its effects, that is, what impact it has on the legal sphere of the parties. After a theoretical introduction, in order to integrate the themes in this study, I focused my research on more pratical aspect, presenting a chronological jurisprudential analysis of all instances, taking into account divergences of understandings within it. By way of conclusion, with a more critical look at the various topics, I confronted doctrine with jurisprudence, concluding that, nevertheless, the declaration of nullity of the lease agreement due to lack of form being passed over, in circumstances such as abuse of rights or the existence of means of evidence, in many cases cannot be avoid. Thus, our legal system regulated it, with a view to restoring the legal sphere of each of the contracting parties, imposing on them an obligation to restitute.
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Contrato de Arrendamento Forma do Contrato Declaração de Nulidade Abuso de Direito Forma “ad substantiam” Forma “ad probationem” Efeitos Jurídicos Lease Agreement Form of the Contract Declaration of Nullity Abuse of Rights Form “ad substantiam” Form “ad probationem” Legal Effects