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O Direito de participação e audição da criança nos processos judiciais (Tutelar cível e promoção e proteção)
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Resumo(s)
Em Portugal, o direito de participação e audição da criança nos processos judiciais que lhe dizem respeito está devidamente consagrado na legislação nacional, designadamente, no âmbito dos processos tutelares cíveis e de promoção e proteção, consubstanciado no Regime Geral do Processo Tutelar Cível e da Lei de Proteção de Crianças e Jovens em Perigo, onde se reconhece às crianças o direito a ser ouvidas, a expressar livremente a sua vontade e as suas opiniões serem tidas em consideração, não estando sujeito a um limite de idade rígido, garantindo-se antes a audição de toda e qualquer criança sobre as decisões que lhe digam
respeito, atenta a sua capacidade de compreensão dos assuntos em questão, cabendo ao juiz decidir ouvir ou não.
Contudo, e apesar das importantes alterações legislativas que resultaram deste reconhecimento e reforço do papel da criança como sujeito de direitos, a verdadeira efetivação do direito de participação e audição ainda não foi totalmente interiorizada pelos operadores judiciários e garantida na prática judiciária, em Portugal, seja porque os critérios de decisão de cada magistrado/a levam a que a criança não seja simplesmente ouvida, seja porque não estão criadas as condições adequadas para proceder à audição.
Assim, o presente estudo tem como objetivo principal conhecer, compreender e analisar o grau de influência e respetivo impacto que a audição da criança tem nas decisões judiciais tomadas pelos magistrados no âmbito da jurisdição de família e menores, em particular nos processos de promoção e proteção (fase judicial) e tutelar cível, com enfoque nos processos de regulação, alteração ou incumprimento do exercício das responsabilidades parentais com decisão judicial ou acordo homologatório no ano judicial 2019/2020. Pretende-se investigar como e de que forma as decisões judiciais tomadas naqueles processos pelos magistrados/as procuraram incorporar as opiniões da criança resultante da sua participação e audição e como
e de que forma aquelas (decisões judiciais) foram transmitidas à criança. Pretende-se, igualmente, contribuir para a reflexão e para o debate em torno da importância das decisões judiciais, tomadas no âmbito dos processos de justiça tutelar cível, apresentarem informação dirigida à criança em forma e linguagem que seja adaptada esta, ou seja, esclarecendo os fundamentos de uma determinada decisão judicial e as implicações da mesma, ao mesmo tempo que se especifica a decisão em termos legais.
In Portugal, the right of participation and hearing of the child in judicial proceedings concerning him/her is duly enshrined in national legislation, namely, in the context of civil tutelary proceedings and promotion and protection, embodied in the General Regime of Civil Tutelary Proceedings and the Law for the Protection of Children and Young People in Danger, where children have the right to be heard, to freely express their will and to have their opinions taken into consideration, without being subject to a strict age limit. Rather, it guarantees the hearing of all children on decisions that concern them, considering their capacity to understand the issues at stake, and it is up to the judge to decide whether to hear them. However, and despite the important legislative changes that have resulted from this recognition and reinforcement of the role of the child as a subject of rights, the real effectiveness of the right to participation and hearing has not yet been fully internalized by judicial operators and guaranteed in the judicial practice in Portugal, either because the decision criteria of each magistrate leads to the child not simply being heard, or because the appropriate conditions for the hearing are not in place. Thus, this study's main objective is to know, understand and analyze the degree of influence and respective impact that the hearing of the child has on judicial decisions taken by magistrates in the family and juvenile jurisdiction, particularly in promotion and protection (judicial phase) and civil tutelary justice proceedings, focusing in the cases related to the regulation, modification, or non-compliance with the exercise of parental responsibilities with judicial decision or homologatory agreement in the judicial year 2019/2020. We intend to investigate how and in what way the judicial decisions taken in those cases by the magistrates tried to incorporate the child's opinions resulting from his/her participation and hearing and how and in what way those (judicial decisions) were transmitted to the child. It is also intended to contribute to the reflection and debate on the importance of judicial decisions, taken within the scope of civil tutelary justice processes, presenting information addressed to the child in a form and language which is adapted to the child, i.e., explaining the reasons for a certain judicial decision and its implications, while specifying the decision in legal terms.
In Portugal, the right of participation and hearing of the child in judicial proceedings concerning him/her is duly enshrined in national legislation, namely, in the context of civil tutelary proceedings and promotion and protection, embodied in the General Regime of Civil Tutelary Proceedings and the Law for the Protection of Children and Young People in Danger, where children have the right to be heard, to freely express their will and to have their opinions taken into consideration, without being subject to a strict age limit. Rather, it guarantees the hearing of all children on decisions that concern them, considering their capacity to understand the issues at stake, and it is up to the judge to decide whether to hear them. However, and despite the important legislative changes that have resulted from this recognition and reinforcement of the role of the child as a subject of rights, the real effectiveness of the right to participation and hearing has not yet been fully internalized by judicial operators and guaranteed in the judicial practice in Portugal, either because the decision criteria of each magistrate leads to the child not simply being heard, or because the appropriate conditions for the hearing are not in place. Thus, this study's main objective is to know, understand and analyze the degree of influence and respective impact that the hearing of the child has on judicial decisions taken by magistrates in the family and juvenile jurisdiction, particularly in promotion and protection (judicial phase) and civil tutelary justice proceedings, focusing in the cases related to the regulation, modification, or non-compliance with the exercise of parental responsibilities with judicial decision or homologatory agreement in the judicial year 2019/2020. We intend to investigate how and in what way the judicial decisions taken in those cases by the magistrates tried to incorporate the child's opinions resulting from his/her participation and hearing and how and in what way those (judicial decisions) were transmitted to the child. It is also intended to contribute to the reflection and debate on the importance of judicial decisions, taken within the scope of civil tutelary justice processes, presenting information addressed to the child in a form and language which is adapted to the child, i.e., explaining the reasons for a certain judicial decision and its implications, while specifying the decision in legal terms.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Justiça Criança Superior Interesse da Criança Infância Direitos participação audição sujeito de direitos child rights participation child judicial hearing justice rights holders childhood best interest of the child