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O Mecanismo de Proteção Civil da União Europeia: Avaliação da sua ação no período 2014 – 2024
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Resumo(s)
O panorama de riscos da Europa está a evoluir de forma drástica. A União Europeia irá
cada vez mais fazer face simultaneamente a múltiplos problemas e ameaças de natureza
variável e de uma complexidade cada vez maior.
O aumento do número de conflitos, de catástrofes naturais ou provocadas pelo homem
– incluindo fenómenos meteorológicos extremos – e a natureza evolutiva dos riscos em
matéria de segurança, põem cada vez mais em causa a estrutura da gestão dos riscos de
catástrofes da UE e a capacidade de o Mecanismo de Proteção Civil da União funcionar
eficazmente. O aumento constante do número de ativações do Mecanismo de Proteção
Civil da União - MPCU nos últimos anos indica que esta tendência se manterá.
Neste cenário, só uma reforçada estrutura cooperativa e colaborativa entre países
europeus coordenados pela União Europeia pode dar uma resposta eficaz e eficiente
aos desafios que se apresentam aos países membros da EU.
Criado em outubro de 2001, o Mecanismo de Proteção Civil da União visa reforçar a
cooperação entre os países da União Europeia (UE) e outros Estados participantes em
matéria de Proteção Civil, de modo a melhorar a prevenção, preparação e resposta a
catástrofes e emergências. É um instrumento de cooperação internacional na área da
Proteção Civil revestindo-se de um conjunto normativo, aprovado pela União Europeia.
Esta dissertação pretende contribuir para o esclarecimento da eficácia e eficiência deste
mecanismo, estudando os resultados das suas ativações, relativas exclusivamente aos
incêndios rurais num período determinado entre 2014 e 2024, nos estados-membros e países participantes no mecanismo, percebendo os seus objetivos, tendo em conta os
seus meios e avaliando as suas forças e fraquezas e a sua potencial evolução futura.
A pergunta de investigação a que pretendemos responder é: o que é e como tem
respondido o MPCU às ativações por relativas a incêndios rurais parte dos Estadosmembros e países participantes que dele fazem parte, e pretende contribuir para o
esclarecimento dos resultados das ativações que tiveram intenção de dar resposta as
catástrofes e às emergências.
Para responder a pergunta de investigação referida analisamos o contributo das teorias
de integração, como o neofuncionalismo e o intergovernamentalismo, que são cruciais
para entender a cooperação na EU, discutimos o papel da UE na Proteção Civil e o
conflito entre a solidariedade supranacional e a soberania nacional, exploramos as
ameaças à segurança e a necessidade de sistemas de proteção Civil coordenados,
enquadramos com uma visão histórica e política a evolução da proteção Civil na EU,
analisamos o MPCU, seus objetivos, componentes e iniciativas, como o rescEU, que
ajuda a melhorar a resposta a desastres, examinámos a eficácia do MPCU na última
década, com um destaque especial para a participação de Portugal e a análise do sistema
de resposta a emergências (CECIS),concluindo este trabalho com as principais
conclusões e a importância de um MPCU eficaz para a proteção Civil e a segurança
coletiva na UE.
Europe's risk landscape is changing dramatically. The European Union will increasingly face multiple problems and threats of varying nature and increasing complexity simultaneously. The increase in the number of conflicts, natural and man-made disasters – including extreme weather events – and the evolving nature of security risks are increasingly challenging the EU's disaster risk management framework and the ability of the Union Civil Protection Mechanism to function effectively. The steady increase in the number of activations of the Union Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM) in recent years indicates that this trend will continue. In this scenario, only a strong and reinforced cooperative and collaborative structure between European countries coordinated by the European Union can provide an effective and efficient response to the challenges facing EU member countries. Created in October 2001, the Union Civil Protection Mechanism aims to strengthen cooperation between European Union (EU) countries and other participating States in the area of Civil protection, in order to improve prevention, preparedness and response to disasters and emergencies. It is an instrument of international cooperation in the area of Civil protection covered by a set of regulations approved by the European Union. This dissertation aims to contribute to clarifying the effectiveness and efficiency of this mechanism, by studying the results of its activations, relating exclusively to rural fires in a specific period between 2014 and 2024, in the member states and countries participating in the mechanism, understanding its objectives, considering its resources and assessing its strengths and weaknesses and its potential future evolution. The research question we intend to answer is: what is the UCPM and how has it responded to activations related to rural fires by the Member States and participating countries that are part of it? It aims to contribute to clarifying the results of activations that were intended to respond to disasters and emergencies. To answer the research question, it analyzes the contributions of the integration theories, such as neofunctionalism and intergovernmentalism, which are crucial to understanding cooperation in the EU. It discusses the role of the EU in Civil Protection and the conflict between supranational solidarity and national sovereignty. It explores security threats and the need for coordinated Civil protection systems. It provides a historical and political overview of the evolution of Civil protection in the EU. It analyses the UCPM, its objectives, components and initiatives, such as rescEU, which helps to improve disaster response. It examines the effectiveness of the UCPM in the last decade, with a special focus on Portugal's participation and the analysis of the emergency response system (CECIS). It concludes this work with the main conclusions and the importance of an effective UCPM for Civil protection and collective security in the EU.
Europe's risk landscape is changing dramatically. The European Union will increasingly face multiple problems and threats of varying nature and increasing complexity simultaneously. The increase in the number of conflicts, natural and man-made disasters – including extreme weather events – and the evolving nature of security risks are increasingly challenging the EU's disaster risk management framework and the ability of the Union Civil Protection Mechanism to function effectively. The steady increase in the number of activations of the Union Civil Protection Mechanism (UCPM) in recent years indicates that this trend will continue. In this scenario, only a strong and reinforced cooperative and collaborative structure between European countries coordinated by the European Union can provide an effective and efficient response to the challenges facing EU member countries. Created in October 2001, the Union Civil Protection Mechanism aims to strengthen cooperation between European Union (EU) countries and other participating States in the area of Civil protection, in order to improve prevention, preparedness and response to disasters and emergencies. It is an instrument of international cooperation in the area of Civil protection covered by a set of regulations approved by the European Union. This dissertation aims to contribute to clarifying the effectiveness and efficiency of this mechanism, by studying the results of its activations, relating exclusively to rural fires in a specific period between 2014 and 2024, in the member states and countries participating in the mechanism, understanding its objectives, considering its resources and assessing its strengths and weaknesses and its potential future evolution. The research question we intend to answer is: what is the UCPM and how has it responded to activations related to rural fires by the Member States and participating countries that are part of it? It aims to contribute to clarifying the results of activations that were intended to respond to disasters and emergencies. To answer the research question, it analyzes the contributions of the integration theories, such as neofunctionalism and intergovernmentalism, which are crucial to understanding cooperation in the EU. It discusses the role of the EU in Civil Protection and the conflict between supranational solidarity and national sovereignty. It explores security threats and the need for coordinated Civil protection systems. It provides a historical and political overview of the evolution of Civil protection in the EU. It analyses the UCPM, its objectives, components and initiatives, such as rescEU, which helps to improve disaster response. It examines the effectiveness of the UCPM in the last decade, with a special focus on Portugal's participation and the analysis of the emergency response system (CECIS). It concludes this work with the main conclusions and the importance of an effective UCPM for Civil protection and collective security in the EU.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Mecanismo de proteção Civil da união Proteção Civil União Europeia Incêndios florestais Union Civil protection mechanism Forest fires Civil protection European union