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A política externa da República Popular da China e o papel da vertente militar na consecução dos seus objectivos
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O intenso desenvolvimento económico levou a República Popular da China (RPC) a tornar-se a segunda maior potência económica mundial. No entanto, este desenvolvimento foi acompanhado por um aumento do consumo de commodities, em especial de petróleo. A RPC é, igualmente, o segundo país com maior orçamento militar. Sendo que, a acompanhar o seu desenvolvimento económico assistimos também a um aumento da sua capacidade militar.
Esta amplificação da sua capacidade militar e dos gastos com defesa, nos últimos anos, têm sido alvo de interesse e de temor um pouco por todo o mundo, pela importância que lhe está adjacente e pelos vários acontecimentos relevantes com os quais está relacionado. O incremento das capacidades das forças de mísseis estratégicos, das capacidades espaciais, a inauguração do primeiro porta-aviões chinês e os rumores da construção de um segundo, acompanhado por uma escalada de tensões no Sul e Este do Mar da China são alguns dos acontecimentos que mais atenção têm merecido por parte de investigadores e estudiosos, mas também por países vizinhos e pelos EUA, que têm reforçado a sua força militar na região.
A RPC tornou-se no membro permanente do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas que mais tropas envia para operações de manutenção da paz da ONU, o que pode indicar uma preocupação com a imagem que a RPC pretende transmitir. Todavia, é necessário conhecer a política externa da RPC para compreender as tarefas da vertente militar chinesa, cujo desenvolvimento tem sido notado.
Desta forma, neste trabalho, iremos, através da análise dos objectivos da política externa do País do Meio, estabelecer conexões entre desenvolvimentos relevantes a nível militar e intentos que as autoridades chinesas pretendem alcançar. Tentaremos, desta forma, compreender como contribui o vector militar chinês para a consecução das metas de política externa da RPC.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE:
The impressive economic development has led China to become the second largest economy in the world, although increasing their commodities consumption, mainly oil. In addition, the PRC currently has the second-largest military budget. Therefore, we witness an increase in its military capacity, which is following its economic development. Increased Chinese military capabilities have been the subject of interest and concern all over the world because of the relevance of the events which it is related to. The increasing capacity of the strategic missile forces, space capabilities, the first run of the first Chinese aircraft carrier and rumours about Chinese authorities building a second one, the escalation of tensions in the South and East China Sea are some of the events that have earned a great amount of attention by researchers and scholars. Tensions in the South and East China Sea generate distrust in the region and the US has reinforced its military presence in the Asia-Pacific waters. At the same time, the PRC becomes the permanent member of the UN Security Council to send more troops to UN peacekeeping operations. However, without knowing and realizing the PRC's foreign policy, we will be unable to understand the tasks of the Chinese military, whose development has been quite remarked. In this way, we will try to map these objectives, the foreign policy goals of the Central Kingdom, so we can establish connections between relevant military developments and foreign policy objectives that the Chinese authorities aim to achieve. Thereby we can understand how the Chinese military plan is contributing to the achievement of the external policy objectives in the PRC.
The impressive economic development has led China to become the second largest economy in the world, although increasing their commodities consumption, mainly oil. In addition, the PRC currently has the second-largest military budget. Therefore, we witness an increase in its military capacity, which is following its economic development. Increased Chinese military capabilities have been the subject of interest and concern all over the world because of the relevance of the events which it is related to. The increasing capacity of the strategic missile forces, space capabilities, the first run of the first Chinese aircraft carrier and rumours about Chinese authorities building a second one, the escalation of tensions in the South and East China Sea are some of the events that have earned a great amount of attention by researchers and scholars. Tensions in the South and East China Sea generate distrust in the region and the US has reinforced its military presence in the Asia-Pacific waters. At the same time, the PRC becomes the permanent member of the UN Security Council to send more troops to UN peacekeeping operations. However, without knowing and realizing the PRC's foreign policy, we will be unable to understand the tasks of the Chinese military, whose development has been quite remarked. In this way, we will try to map these objectives, the foreign policy goals of the Central Kingdom, so we can establish connections between relevant military developments and foreign policy objectives that the Chinese authorities aim to achieve. Thereby we can understand how the Chinese military plan is contributing to the achievement of the external policy objectives in the PRC.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
República Popular da China Política Externa Exército Popular de Libertação Forças Armadas People’s Republic of China Foreign Policy People’s Liberation Army Armed Forces