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A Sociedade desenvolve-se a um ritmo frenético, desafiando o Direito a responder às necessidades e problemas, sendo que, muitos deles são suscitados pelo desenvolvimento tecnológico e pela adoção de novos hábitos. Numa Sociedade cada vez mais exposta, a difusão da informação pessoal é constante e encontra-se normalizada, no entanto, esta circunstância é suscetível de conflituar com os direitos fundamentais de cada um. No caso da Imagem, esta reflete o Ser Humano representado, podendo ilustrar ações, formas de
estar e ser, sendo suscetível a juízos de valor por parte de terceiros. No ordenamento jurídico português, a proteção da Imagem tem natureza constitucional (artigo 26.º da CRP) e concretização civil (artigo 79.º do Código Civil). No entanto, a questão coloca-se com a qualificação da Imagem enquanto dado pessoal que, consequentemente, implica a aplicação do Regulamento n.º 679/2016, de 27 de Abril do Parlamento e Conselho Europeu. Assente neste panorama, a presente dissertação problematiza a questão da Imagem, enquanto bem jurídico e dado pessoal, aplicado à relação laboral, pelo que, é no contexto laboral que se manifesta uma intensificação do problema. De facto, o trabalhador subordinado é, por vezes, confrontado com pedidos e exigências da entidade empregadora cujo teor pode conflituar com os seus direitos fundamentais, nomeadamente, quando o conteúdo destes pedidos e exigências é o tratamento da imagem do sujeito. Em concreto, a entidade empregadora poderá pretender utilizar a Imagem do Trabalhador para diferentes finalidades, nomeadamente, a segurança (ex. câmaras de videovigilância), fins comerciais, entre outros. Contudo, cabe na presente dissertação analisar se este tratamento da imagem respeita os diferentes institutos jurídicos (Constituição da República Portuguesa, Código Civil, RGPD e Código do Trabalho), questionando-se se existe uma verdadeira harmonização legislativa, em especial, quanto à prestação de consentimento do trabalhador e o equilíbrio entre o interesse legítimo da entidade empregadora e a proteção dos direitos fundamentais do trabalhador, no âmbito do tratamento de dados pessoais.
Society is developing at a frenetic pace, challenging the law to respond to needs and problems, many of which are caused by technological development and the adoption of new habits. In an increasingly exposed society, the dissemination of personal information is constant and normalized, however, this circumstance is likely to conflict with the fundamental rights of everyone. In the case of the Image, it reflects the Human Being represented, and can point up actions, ways of being, this is susceptible to value judgments by third parties. In the Portuguese legal system, the protection of the Image has a constitutional coverage (article 26 of the CRP) and civil regulation (article 79 of the Civil Code). However, the issue arises with the qualification of the Image as personal data which, consequently, implies the application of Regulation no. 679/2016, of April 27 of the European Parliament and Council. Against this backdrop, this dissertation problematizes the issue of image as a legal asset and personal data applied to the employment relationship, and it is in the employment context that the problem is intensified. In fact, the subordinate worker is sometimes confronted with requests and demands from the employer whose content may conflict with their fundamental rights, particularly when the content of these requests and demands is the processing of the subject's image. Specifically, the employer may wish to use the employee's image for various purposes, including security (e.g. video surveillance cameras), commercial purposes, among others. However, this dissertation objective is to analyse whether this image processing respects the different legal institutes (Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, Civil Code, GDPR and Labour Code), questioning whether there is true legislative harmonization, in particular, regarding the provision of employee consent and the balance between the employer's legitimate interest and the protection of the employee's fundamental rights, in the context of personal data processing.
Society is developing at a frenetic pace, challenging the law to respond to needs and problems, many of which are caused by technological development and the adoption of new habits. In an increasingly exposed society, the dissemination of personal information is constant and normalized, however, this circumstance is likely to conflict with the fundamental rights of everyone. In the case of the Image, it reflects the Human Being represented, and can point up actions, ways of being, this is susceptible to value judgments by third parties. In the Portuguese legal system, the protection of the Image has a constitutional coverage (article 26 of the CRP) and civil regulation (article 79 of the Civil Code). However, the issue arises with the qualification of the Image as personal data which, consequently, implies the application of Regulation no. 679/2016, of April 27 of the European Parliament and Council. Against this backdrop, this dissertation problematizes the issue of image as a legal asset and personal data applied to the employment relationship, and it is in the employment context that the problem is intensified. In fact, the subordinate worker is sometimes confronted with requests and demands from the employer whose content may conflict with their fundamental rights, particularly when the content of these requests and demands is the processing of the subject's image. Specifically, the employer may wish to use the employee's image for various purposes, including security (e.g. video surveillance cameras), commercial purposes, among others. However, this dissertation objective is to analyse whether this image processing respects the different legal institutes (Constitution of the Portuguese Republic, Civil Code, GDPR and Labour Code), questioning whether there is true legislative harmonization, in particular, regarding the provision of employee consent and the balance between the employer's legitimate interest and the protection of the employee's fundamental rights, in the context of personal data processing.
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Palavras-chave
Proteção de Dados Pessoais direito à imagem direitos dos trabalhadores Consentimento Prova em Procedimento Disciplinar Right to Image Data Protection Worker Consent Evidence in Disciplinary Proceedings
