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AVALIAÇÃO DA CONTRIBUIÇÃO DOS POLUENTES AÉREOS EXTERIORES NA QUALIDADE DO AR INTERIOR
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Resumo(s)
O aumento da permanência em ambientes fechados eleva a importância da qualidade
do ar interior dos edifícios. Disponibilizar um ambiente interior adequado ao tempo de per-
manência dos ocupantes deve ser uma prioridade. É necessário aprimorar e desenvolver so-
luções que viabilizem sistemas de ventilação que cumpram os requisitos no que diz respeito
à qualidade do ar interior.
A ventilação natural é uma estratégia de ventilação passiva que além de apresentar o
potencial de reduzir significativamente o consumo energético dos edifícios, desempenha
ainda um papel central na qualidade do ar interior. No entanto, a sua eficácia é limitada por
diversas variáveis, tais como, o clima, edifícios adjacentes, a poluição do ar exterior, a locali-
zação geográfica e a posição de aberturas localizadas nas paredes de fachada.
A presente dissertação aborda a avaliação do impacto de diferentes estratégias de ven-
tilação natural na qualidade interior de edifícios localizados em centros urbanos. Recorreu-se
a simulações CFD com recurso ao software CONTAM com o objetivo de modelar as diferentes
estratégias de ventilação natural. O presente estudo centrou-se em quatro diferentes estraté-
gias de ventilação natural: unilateral, cruzada, sem tiragem térmica e ventilação noturna. Fo-
ram considerados cinco poluentes aéreos exteriores: material particulado (PM2,5 e PM10),
ozono, dióxido de enxofre e dióxido de azoto. O principal objetivo centrou-se na importância
de determinar e compreender o efeito que diferentes estratégias de ventilação natural apre-
sentam na introdução de poluentes exteriores no ambiente dos edifícios em centros urbanos
poluídos.
As principais conclusões obtidas foram as seguintes: a adoção de diferentes estratégias
de ventilação natural apresentam impactos distintos na qualidade do ar interior; o clima ex-
terior e a localização de cada compartimento têm um papel fundamental na introdução de
poluentes exteriores; a qualidade do ar de Lisboa afeta fortemente a preservação de material
sensível presente no interior de museus; os poluentes O3, NO2 e PM10 mostraram-se os mais
impactantes na qualidade do ar interior.
A adaptação das estratégias de ventilação natural às condições climáticas e níveis de
poluição é essencial para melhorar a qualidade do ar interior.
The increase in time spent indoors has increased the importance of indoor air quality in buildings. Providing a suitable indoor environment for the occupants should be a priority. It is necessary to improve and develop solutions that enable ventilation systems to meet the highest standards of indoor air quality. Natural ventilation is a passive ventilation strategy that not only has the potential to significantly reduce the energy consumption of buildings but also plays a central role in in- door air quality. However, several variables limit its effectiveness, including climate, adjacent buildings, outdoor air pollution, geographical location and the positioning of openings The present dissertation addresses the evaluation of the impact of different natural ven- tilation strategies on the indoor air quality of buildings located in urban centers. CFD simula- tions using the CONTAM analysis software were employed to model the different natural ventilations strategies. The study focused on four distinct natural ventilation strategies: sin- gle-sided, cross ventilation, ventilation without thermal buoyancy and night ventilation. Five outdoor air pollutants were considered: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. The main objective was to determine and understand the effect of different natural ventilation strategies have on the introduction of outdoor pollutants into the indoor environment of buildings in polluted urban areas. The analysis was based on the impact of pollutants on occupants and artefacts in buildings of high heritage value. The main conclusions reached were: the adoption of different natural ventilation strat- egies has different impacts on IAQ; the outdoor climate and the location of each room play a fundamental role in the introduction of outdoor pollutants; Lisbon's air quality strongly af- fects the preservation of sensitive material present inside museums; the pollutants O3, NO2 and PM10 have been shown to have the greatest impact on IAQ. Adapting natural ventilation strategies to the climatic conditions and pollution levels is essential to achieve improvements in indoor air quality.
The increase in time spent indoors has increased the importance of indoor air quality in buildings. Providing a suitable indoor environment for the occupants should be a priority. It is necessary to improve and develop solutions that enable ventilation systems to meet the highest standards of indoor air quality. Natural ventilation is a passive ventilation strategy that not only has the potential to significantly reduce the energy consumption of buildings but also plays a central role in in- door air quality. However, several variables limit its effectiveness, including climate, adjacent buildings, outdoor air pollution, geographical location and the positioning of openings The present dissertation addresses the evaluation of the impact of different natural ven- tilation strategies on the indoor air quality of buildings located in urban centers. CFD simula- tions using the CONTAM analysis software were employed to model the different natural ventilations strategies. The study focused on four distinct natural ventilation strategies: sin- gle-sided, cross ventilation, ventilation without thermal buoyancy and night ventilation. Five outdoor air pollutants were considered: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide. The main objective was to determine and understand the effect of different natural ventilation strategies have on the introduction of outdoor pollutants into the indoor environment of buildings in polluted urban areas. The analysis was based on the impact of pollutants on occupants and artefacts in buildings of high heritage value. The main conclusions reached were: the adoption of different natural ventilation strat- egies has different impacts on IAQ; the outdoor climate and the location of each room play a fundamental role in the introduction of outdoor pollutants; Lisbon's air quality strongly af- fects the preservation of sensitive material present inside museums; the pollutants O3, NO2 and PM10 have been shown to have the greatest impact on IAQ. Adapting natural ventilation strategies to the climatic conditions and pollution levels is essential to achieve improvements in indoor air quality.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ventilação Natural Ozono Dióxido de Enxofre Dióxido de Azoto PM2,5 PM10