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Direito à habitação: como o cooperativismo habitacional pode minimizar a crise habitacional em Portugal?
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Resumo(s)
A dissertação propõe investigar o direito à habitação em Portugal, abordando a
aplicação do cooperativismo habitacional como uma das soluções possíveis para a
crise habitacional, com foco especial nas populações mais vulneráveis. Embasada pelo
ODS 11 das Nações Unidas, que visa cidades inclusivas e sustentáveis, a análise explora
as limitações das políticas habitacionais portuguesas e o papel emergente das
cooperativas habitacionais.
A metodologia inclui uma revisão de literatura sobre políticas habitacionais e
cooperativismo em Portugal e a realização de entrevistas com especialistas e
representantes de cooperativas, incluindo figuras como Helena Roseta e Sílvia Jorge,
bem como membros de cooperativas habitacionais. Além disso, a pesquisa analisa e
contrapõe o Programa 1.º Direito de Portugal e o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida
Entidades (PMCMV-Entidades) do Brasil, ambos voltados para comunidades com
maiores carências habitacionais. A dissertação aborda desde o contexto histórico das
cooperativas em Portugal até algumas experiências internacionais de cooperativismo
que possam servir como inspiração. Importantes programas públicos de habitação de
Portugal, como o SAAL e o PER, são reavaliados. E a crise habitacional atual é analisada
à luz do aumento de preços e do impacto das políticas neoliberais, que ampliaram a
especulação imobiliária, principalmente após o Memorando da Troika.
O trabalho visa contribuir para uma política habitacional mais justa e
participativa, propondo que o cooperativismo pode fortalecer o direito à habitação
digna e acessível, promovendo também a autogestão e a coesão comunitária. A
comparação com o PMCMV-Entidades revela práticas autogestionárias de habitação
que poderiam ser aplicadas em Portugal, promovendo uma alternativa ao modelo
habitacional pouco participado atual. É preciso pensar em uma política pública que
valorize o engajamento comunitário e a autogestão no acesso à habitação digna, que
considere o direito de uso e que busque combater a especulação imobiliária.
The dissertation aims to investigate the right to housing in Portugal, examining the application of housing cooperatives as one possible solution to the housing crisis, with a particular focus on vulnerable populations. Grounded in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11, which promotes inclusive and sustainable cities, the analysis explores the limitations of Portuguese housing policies and the emerging role of housing cooperatives. The methodology includes a literature review on housing policies and cooperativism in Portugal, along with interviews with experts and representatives of cooperatives, including figures like Helena Roseta and Sílvia Jorge, as well as members of housing cooperatives. Additionally, the research analyzes and contrasts Portugal's 1.º Direito Program with Brazil's "Minha Casa Minha Vida Entidades" (PMCMVEntidades), both aimed at communities with significant housing needs. The dissertation covers topics from the historical context of cooperatives in Portugal to select international experiences in cooperativism that could serve as inspiration. Key public housing programs, such as SAAL and PER, are reassessed. The current housing crisis is examined in light of rising prices and the impact of neoliberal policies, which have increased real estate speculation, particularly following the Troika Memorandum. This work seeks to contribute to a fairer and more participative housing policy, proposing that cooperativism can strengthen the right to dignified and affordable housing, while also promoting self-management and community cohesion. The comparison with PMCMV-Entidades highlights self-managed housing practices that could be implemented in Portugal, offering an alternative to the current, less participative housing model. A public policy that values community engagement and self-management in accessing dignified housing is needed, one that does not prioritize individual ownership and considers the right of use, in order to curb real estate speculation.
The dissertation aims to investigate the right to housing in Portugal, examining the application of housing cooperatives as one possible solution to the housing crisis, with a particular focus on vulnerable populations. Grounded in the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11, which promotes inclusive and sustainable cities, the analysis explores the limitations of Portuguese housing policies and the emerging role of housing cooperatives. The methodology includes a literature review on housing policies and cooperativism in Portugal, along with interviews with experts and representatives of cooperatives, including figures like Helena Roseta and Sílvia Jorge, as well as members of housing cooperatives. Additionally, the research analyzes and contrasts Portugal's 1.º Direito Program with Brazil's "Minha Casa Minha Vida Entidades" (PMCMVEntidades), both aimed at communities with significant housing needs. The dissertation covers topics from the historical context of cooperatives in Portugal to select international experiences in cooperativism that could serve as inspiration. Key public housing programs, such as SAAL and PER, are reassessed. The current housing crisis is examined in light of rising prices and the impact of neoliberal policies, which have increased real estate speculation, particularly following the Troika Memorandum. This work seeks to contribute to a fairer and more participative housing policy, proposing that cooperativism can strengthen the right to dignified and affordable housing, while also promoting self-management and community cohesion. The comparison with PMCMV-Entidades highlights self-managed housing practices that could be implemented in Portugal, offering an alternative to the current, less participative housing model. A public policy that values community engagement and self-management in accessing dignified housing is needed, one that does not prioritize individual ownership and considers the right of use, in order to curb real estate speculation.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Direito à habitação Cooperativas habitacionais Programa 1o Direito Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida Entidades Right to Housing Housing Cooperatives 1.º Direito Program Minha Casa Minha Vida Entidades Program