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A reemergência da China na Ásia Central
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Nas últimas décadas, a reemergência da China e a expansão da sua influência a
nível internacional granjearam a atenção da disciplina das Relações Internacionais. Por
conseguinte, multiplicaram-se estudos que analisam os fatores da redistribuição de poder
no sistema internacional. Diversos instrumentos, motivações e mecanismos
intensificaram a expansão da influência chinesa pelo mundo, que se tornaram alvo do
interesse de estudos da política externa chinesa contemporânea. A presente dissertação
propõe-se a realizar uma análise da relação da China com os Estados da Ásia Central,
procurando compreender de que forma a reemergência chinesa impactou a região. Em
1991, emergiram cinco Estados soberanos na Ásia Central da dissolução da União
Soviética. Desde então, a China estabeleceu relações diplomáticas e comerciais,
tornando-se um dos principais parceiros dos países centro-asiáticos. Esta dissertação
estuda a gradual evolução das relações da China e cada uma das repúblicas centroasiáticas tendo como contraponto a Rússia, considerada a potência hegemónica
tradicional na região. A partir dessa análise, procurou-se aferir se existiram mutações na
distribuição de poder a ponto de resultar na emergência de uma nova potência hegemónica
na Ásia Central. Assim, a região pode funcionar como pedra-de-toque da ascensão e da
crescente influência e poder da China em moldar o comportamento dos Estados na sua
periferia e até no restante globo. A par disso, analisou-se dinâmicas da esfera interna dos
Estados centro-asiáticos, elementos essenciais para a realização deste estudo. Este
trabalho demonstrou como a relações entre a China e os Estados centro-asiáticos galgam
a esfera económica e diplomática, influenciando de forma variada o comportamento e a
tomada de decisão da política destes Estados em relação à China e a outras potências.
Este foco especial à tomada de decisão é um dos pontos essenciais para a surgimento
hegemónico da China na região.
In recent decades, China's re-emergence and the expansion of its influence at international level have attracted the attention of the discipline of International Relations. As a result, studies analyzing the factors behind the redistribution of power in the international system have multiplied. Various instruments, motivations and mechanisms have intensified the expansion of Chinese influence around the world, which have become the object of interest in studies of contemporary Chinese foreign policy. This dissertation aims to analyze China's relationship with the Central Asian states, seeking to understand how China's re-emergence has impacted the region. In 1991, five sovereign states emerged in Central Asia from the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Since then, China has established diplomatic and trade relations, becoming one of the main partners of the Central Asian countries. This dissertation studies the gradual evolution of China's relations with each of the Central Asian republics against the backdrop of Russia, considered the traditional hegemonic power in the region. Based on this analysis, we sought to ascertain whether there have been changes in the distribution of power to the point of resulting in the emergence of a new hegemonic power in Central Asia. Thus, the region can act as a touchstone for China's rise and growing influence and power in shaping the behavior of states on its periphery and even in the rest of the world. In addition, the dynamics of the internal sphere of Central Asian states were analyzed, which are essential elements for this study. This work has shown how relations between China and the Central Asian states extend beyond the economic and diplomatic spheres, influencing in a variety of ways the behavior and political decision-making of these states in relation to China and other powers. This special focus on decision-making is one of the key points for China's hegemonic emergence in the region.
In recent decades, China's re-emergence and the expansion of its influence at international level have attracted the attention of the discipline of International Relations. As a result, studies analyzing the factors behind the redistribution of power in the international system have multiplied. Various instruments, motivations and mechanisms have intensified the expansion of Chinese influence around the world, which have become the object of interest in studies of contemporary Chinese foreign policy. This dissertation aims to analyze China's relationship with the Central Asian states, seeking to understand how China's re-emergence has impacted the region. In 1991, five sovereign states emerged in Central Asia from the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Since then, China has established diplomatic and trade relations, becoming one of the main partners of the Central Asian countries. This dissertation studies the gradual evolution of China's relations with each of the Central Asian republics against the backdrop of Russia, considered the traditional hegemonic power in the region. Based on this analysis, we sought to ascertain whether there have been changes in the distribution of power to the point of resulting in the emergence of a new hegemonic power in Central Asia. Thus, the region can act as a touchstone for China's rise and growing influence and power in shaping the behavior of states on its periphery and even in the rest of the world. In addition, the dynamics of the internal sphere of Central Asian states were analyzed, which are essential elements for this study. This work has shown how relations between China and the Central Asian states extend beyond the economic and diplomatic spheres, influencing in a variety of ways the behavior and political decision-making of these states in relation to China and other powers. This special focus on decision-making is one of the key points for China's hegemonic emergence in the region.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
China Hegemonia Ásia Central Belt and Road Initiative Rússia Hegemony Central Asia