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Áreas Protegidas e desenvolvimento em meio rural : o Parque Natural do Vale do Guadiana 20 Anos depois
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Esta Dissertação tem como objetivo, avaliar o impacto da criação do Parque Natural do Vale do Guadiana no desenvolvimento local. Esta área protegida que em 2015 completa 20 anos de existência, está inserida numa região marcada profundamente por problemas de ordem estrutural, assinalados pela reduzida oferta de emprego, forte emigração e envelhecimento, baixa densidade populacional e níveis críticos de infraestruturas, equipamentos e serviços.
Assim sendo, passadas duas décadas desde a sua criação, importa saber de que modo uma área com este estatuto de proteção, neste território específico, influenciou a estrutura socioeconómica da região, procurando entender até que ponto é possível existir desenvolvimento sem comprometer a conservação dos recursos naturais e das belezas cénicas existentes na região e, ao mesmo tempo, constituindo-se como uma mais-valia para a população residente na geração de emprego e rendimento.
Para chegar aos resultados obtidos, a metodologia desta avaliação consistiu na integração de duas abordagens, uma de natureza mais quantitativa, baseada na seleção de indicadores estatísticos e outra qualitativa a partir de dados empíricos recolhidos com base em entrevistas presenciais com representantes de diversas entidades atuantes na região. A partir desta análise pode-se constatar que o parque foi benéfico, no sentido em que criou algumas condições favoráveis à dinamização desta área, que até ao início dos anos 90 era um território quase exclusivo das atividades agropecuárias, adicionando novas funcionalidades ao espaço, sobretudo o turismo, nas suas várias vertentes (ambiental, cinegética e cultural). Contudo, mesmo passados vinte anos desde a sua criação, o parque não é unanimemente aceite entre as populações, sendo que algumas das expetativas geradas em torno desta classificação nunca vieram a concretizar-se.
This thesis aims to evaluate the impact of the creation of the Guadiana Valley Natural Park in local development. This protected area, which in 2015 celebrates 20 years of existence, is set in a region deeply marked by structural problems, appointed by reduced job offers, strong emigration and aging, low population density and critical levels of infrastructure, equipment and services. Thus, after two decades since its creation, it is important to know how an area with this protection statute, in this particular territory, influenced the socio-economic structure of the region, trying to understand the extent to which there can be development without compromising the conservation of natural resources and scenic beauty existing in the region and, at the same time, establishing itself as an asset for the resident population in generating employment and income. To achieve the obtained results, the methodology of this evaluation consisted in the integration of two approaches, a quantitative one, based on the selection of statistical indicators and a qualitative one, from collected empirical data based on personal interviews with representatives of various organizations operating in region. From this analysis it can be seen that the park was beneficial, in the way it created some favorable conditions for boosting this area, which until the early 90s was an almost exclusive territory of agri-pastoral activities, adding new features to space, especially tourism in its various aspects (environmental, hunting and cultural). However, even after twenty years since its implementation, the park has not unanimity among the population, and some of the expectations generated around this classification never succeed.
This thesis aims to evaluate the impact of the creation of the Guadiana Valley Natural Park in local development. This protected area, which in 2015 celebrates 20 years of existence, is set in a region deeply marked by structural problems, appointed by reduced job offers, strong emigration and aging, low population density and critical levels of infrastructure, equipment and services. Thus, after two decades since its creation, it is important to know how an area with this protection statute, in this particular territory, influenced the socio-economic structure of the region, trying to understand the extent to which there can be development without compromising the conservation of natural resources and scenic beauty existing in the region and, at the same time, establishing itself as an asset for the resident population in generating employment and income. To achieve the obtained results, the methodology of this evaluation consisted in the integration of two approaches, a quantitative one, based on the selection of statistical indicators and a qualitative one, from collected empirical data based on personal interviews with representatives of various organizations operating in region. From this analysis it can be seen that the park was beneficial, in the way it created some favorable conditions for boosting this area, which until the early 90s was an almost exclusive territory of agri-pastoral activities, adding new features to space, especially tourism in its various aspects (environmental, hunting and cultural). However, even after twenty years since its implementation, the park has not unanimity among the population, and some of the expectations generated around this classification never succeed.
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Áreas protegidas Desenvolvimento sustentável Conservação da natureza Avaliação de impactos Vale do Guadiana Protected areas Sustainable development Nature conservation Impact assessment Guadiana Valley