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Entre a Esperança e a Realidade: O Processo de Integração da Bósnia e Herzegovina na União Europeia
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A desintegração da ex-Jugoslávia e as guerras multiétnicas que lhe sucederam é o
iniciar da integração europeia na região dos Balcãs Ocidentais. O ponto de partida foi
formalizado com o Conselho Europeu de Salónica, em 2003, porém, mais de duas décadas
depois, salvo a Croácia, nenhum dos países da região conseguiu alcançar o que se
considera ser o objetivo último, a adesão à União Europeia.
O estudo foca o caso da Bósnia e Herzegovina com o objetivo de compreender as
condicionantes, intrínsecas e extrínsecas, que, em última análise, têm impedido o
alargamento e a consequente adesão da Bósnia-Herzegovina à UE. Deste modo, pretendese dar resposta à seguinte pergunta de investigação: “Quais os fatores que limitam o
processo de adesão à UE por parte da BiH? “
A dissertação sustenta que, sendo a Europeização um processo bidirecional e,
portanto, interativo entre as partes envolvidas, é imperativo que ambas estejam motivadas
em prol do mesmo objetivo. Neste sentido, o argumento principal reforça que as
limitações encontram as suas raízes nas complexidades étnicas e políticas da esfera
doméstica, por um lado, e, por outro, transcendem o plano nacional, alcançando, entre
outros, o plano supranacional, o qual se carateriza pela incoerência da agenda política em
relação ao alargamento aos Balcãs Ocidentais e pela consequente perda de credibilidade
da UE.
The disintegration of the former Yugoslavia and the ensuing multi-ethnic wars marked the beginning of European integration in the Western Balkans. The starting point was formalised at the Thessaloniki European Council in 2003, but more than two decades later, with the exception of Croatia, none of the countries in the region has managed to achieve what is considered the ultimate goal, membership of the European Union. The study focuses on the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the aim of understanding the constraints, both intrinsic and extrinsic, that have ultimately prevented enlargement and the consequent accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union. The aim is to answer the following research question "What factors limit BiH's EU accession process?" The dissertation argues that since Europeanisation is a two-way process and therefore interactive between the parties involved, it is imperative that both are motivated towards the same goal. In this sense, the main argument affirms that the limitations are rooted in the ethnic and political complexities of the domestic sphere, on the one hand, and transcend the national level and reach, among others, the supranational level, which is characterised by the incoherence of the political agenda in relation to the enlargement to the Western Balkans and the consequent loss of credibility of the European Union
The disintegration of the former Yugoslavia and the ensuing multi-ethnic wars marked the beginning of European integration in the Western Balkans. The starting point was formalised at the Thessaloniki European Council in 2003, but more than two decades later, with the exception of Croatia, none of the countries in the region has managed to achieve what is considered the ultimate goal, membership of the European Union. The study focuses on the case of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the aim of understanding the constraints, both intrinsic and extrinsic, that have ultimately prevented enlargement and the consequent accession of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the European Union. The aim is to answer the following research question "What factors limit BiH's EU accession process?" The dissertation argues that since Europeanisation is a two-way process and therefore interactive between the parties involved, it is imperative that both are motivated towards the same goal. In this sense, the main argument affirms that the limitations are rooted in the ethnic and political complexities of the domestic sphere, on the one hand, and transcend the national level and reach, among others, the supranational level, which is characterised by the incoherence of the political agenda in relation to the enlargement to the Western Balkans and the consequent loss of credibility of the European Union
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Palavras-chave
Balcãs Ocidentais Bósnia e Herzegovina União Europeia Integração Europeia Europeização Alargamento Western Balkans Bosnia and Herzegovina European Union European Integration Europeanisation Enlargement