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A habitação e os jovens em Portugal: da necessidade ao problema na Margem Sul do Tejo
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A presente dissertação, tem como objetivo analisar o funcionamento do mercado
de habitação e das políticas de habitação, e de que foram têm contribuído para a realização
do direito à habitação por porte dos jovens em Portugal. Sendo um direito consagrado na
Constituição Portuguesa, ao referir-se, no Artigo 65, que “Todos têm direito, para si e
para a sua família, a uma habitação de dimensão adequada, em condições de higiene e
conforto e que preserve a intimidade pessoal e a privacidade familiar”. (Constituição da
República Portuguesa).
Conforme é reconhecido e será analisado no presente trabalho, o acesso à
habitação tem vindo a tornar-se uma dificuldade cada vez mais notória para a população
portuguesa, especificamente para a população jovem. Verificando-se assim, o elevado
custo de arrendamento e de aquisição de imóveis especialmente nas áreas urbanas. Este
trabalho analisa a problemática do acesso à habitação para jovens em Portugal, focandose em particular na Margem Sul do Tejo. Neste trabalho é também explorado o aumento
dos preços dos imóveis e das rendas habitacionais, que, em conjunto com a precariedade
laboral e os baixos salários, têm dificultado a independência habitacional dos jovens.
Apesar do direito constitucional à habitação, os jovens enfrentam grandes
dificuldades em adquirir ou arrendar casa, especialmente nas áreas urbanas. O turismo, a
chegada de nómadas digitais e o aumento da procura imobiliária por estrangeiros, que
possuem maior poder de compra, agravaram o problema ao inflacionar os preços.
Para tentar mitigar esta realidade, o governo português tem implementado
programas de apoio à habitação, alguns deles especificamente para os jovens, mas essas
medidas são ainda são insuficientes face à magnitude do problema.
A dissertação inclui também uma análise sobre o impacto da gentrificação nas
áreas urbanas, onde o turismo e a presença de novos residentes com maior capacidade
financeira estão a contribuir para a alteração do tecido social, colocando, por exemplo, os
jovens em dificuldades para se manterem nos bairros em que sempre residiram. A dissertação combina a revisão de literatura, a elaboração de um inquérito, a
análise de políticas públicas de habitação e o estudo da evolução quantitativa dos preços
do metro quadrado nos municípios da atual NUT II Península de Setúbal. Apesar das
tentativas de intervenção do Estado, o problema do acesso à habitação para os jovens
continua a ser uma barreira significativa, com implicações profundas na sua capacidade
de alcançar independência económica e social.
The present dissertation aims to analyze the functioning of the housing market and housing policies, and how they have contributed to the realization of the right to housing for young people in Portugal. This right is enshrined in the Portuguese Constitution, which states in Article 65 that "Everyone shall have the right, for themselves and their family, to adequate housing, under proper hygienic and comfort conditions, which preserve personal intimacy and family privacy." (Constitution of the Portuguese Republic). As recognized and analyzed in this work, access to housing has become an increasingly evident challenge for the Portuguese population, particularly for young people. There is a noticeable rise in the cost of renting and purchasing property, especially in urban areas. This dissertation examines the issue of access to housing for young people in Portugal, with a specific focus on the South Bank of the Tagus River. It explores the increase in property prices and rental rates, which, together with job insecurity and low wages, have made it difficult for young people to achieve housing independence. Despite the constitutional right to housing, young people face significant challenges in purchasing or renting a home, especially in urban areas. Tourism, the influx of digital nomads, and the growing demand for real estate from foreigners with greater purchasing power have exacerbated the problem by driving up prices. In an attempt to address this issue, the Portuguese government has implemented housing support programs, some specifically aimed at young people, but these measures remain insufficient given the scale of the problem. The dissertation also includes an analysis of the impact of gentrification in urban areas, where tourism and the presence of new residents with higher financial capacity are contributing to the alteration of the social fabric, putting young people in a position where they struggle to remain in the neighborhoods they have always lived in. The dissertation combines a literature review, a survey, an analysis of public housing policies, and a study of the quantitative evolution of square meter prices in the municipalities of the current NUTS II Setúbal Peninsula. Despite the State's attempts at intervention, the problem of access to housing for young people remains a significant barrier, with profound implications for their ability to achieve economic and social independence.
The present dissertation aims to analyze the functioning of the housing market and housing policies, and how they have contributed to the realization of the right to housing for young people in Portugal. This right is enshrined in the Portuguese Constitution, which states in Article 65 that "Everyone shall have the right, for themselves and their family, to adequate housing, under proper hygienic and comfort conditions, which preserve personal intimacy and family privacy." (Constitution of the Portuguese Republic). As recognized and analyzed in this work, access to housing has become an increasingly evident challenge for the Portuguese population, particularly for young people. There is a noticeable rise in the cost of renting and purchasing property, especially in urban areas. This dissertation examines the issue of access to housing for young people in Portugal, with a specific focus on the South Bank of the Tagus River. It explores the increase in property prices and rental rates, which, together with job insecurity and low wages, have made it difficult for young people to achieve housing independence. Despite the constitutional right to housing, young people face significant challenges in purchasing or renting a home, especially in urban areas. Tourism, the influx of digital nomads, and the growing demand for real estate from foreigners with greater purchasing power have exacerbated the problem by driving up prices. In an attempt to address this issue, the Portuguese government has implemented housing support programs, some specifically aimed at young people, but these measures remain insufficient given the scale of the problem. The dissertation also includes an analysis of the impact of gentrification in urban areas, where tourism and the presence of new residents with higher financial capacity are contributing to the alteration of the social fabric, putting young people in a position where they struggle to remain in the neighborhoods they have always lived in. The dissertation combines a literature review, a survey, an analysis of public housing policies, and a study of the quantitative evolution of square meter prices in the municipalities of the current NUTS II Setúbal Peninsula. Despite the State's attempts at intervention, the problem of access to housing for young people remains a significant barrier, with profound implications for their ability to achieve economic and social independence.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Habitação Acesso à habitação Direito à habitação Políticas de habitação Housing policy Access to housing Housing Right to housing