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Descentralização em Portugal: análise à transição de competências para as autarquias
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O processo de descentralização em Portugal é um tema de debate recente no contexto académico, pelo que esta dissertação tem como foco a análise do processo de descentralização em Portugal, nomeadamente na transição de competências para as autarquias, que surgiu através da Lei n.º 50/2018, publicada no Diário da República. Este estudo tem como finalidade investigar os desafios enfrentados pelos municípios em apresentar dados aos serviços centrais e as implicações destes constrangimentos no processo de descentralização. Para se conseguirem obter resultados fiáveis foi realizado um inquérito às autarquias portuguesas, que obteve 91 respostas, entrevistas à Câmara Municipal do Porto e ao Tribunal de Contas (TdC), análise de relatórios do TdC sobre o processo, e ainda uma extensa revisão da literatura que expõe o enquadramento português no processo de descentralização, assim como as tendências deste modelo político e a sua conceptualização. Assim, foi possível identificar que este modelo político revela vantagens como a maior proximidade entre os cidadãos e os decisores políticos, contudo as autarquias portuguesas têm tido alguns obstáculos devido à falta de recursos financeiros e humanos e a carga burocrática associada aos reportes que têm de ser apresentados à Direção-Geral das Autarquias Locais (DGAL). As conclusões desta investigação alertam para a necessidade de renovação da Administração Central (AC) e uma melhor articulação entre o poder local e o governo central para que exista uma correta avaliação e monitorização do processo, garantindo transparência democrática e financeira. A presente dissertação tem também como objetivo promover o debate académico e político sobre o processo de descentralização em Portugal.
The decentralization process in Portugal is a topic of recent debate in the academic context, so this dissertation focuses on the analysis of the decentralization process in Portugal, namely the transition of competences to the municipalities, which came about through Law no. 50/2018, published in the Diário da República. This study aims to investigate the challenges faced by municipalities in submitting data to central services and the implications of these constraints on the decentralization process. To obtain reliable results, a survey of Portuguese municipalities was carried out, which obtained 91 responses, interviews with Porto City Council and the Tribunal de Contas (TdC), analysis of TdC reports on the process, as well as an extensive literature review that exposes the Portuguese framework in the decentralization process, as well as the trends of this political model and its conceptualization. As a result, it was possible to identify that this political model has advantages such as greater proximity between citizens and political decision-makers. However, Portuguese municipalities have faced some obstacles due to the lack of financial and human resources and the bureaucratic burden associated with the reports that have to be submitted to the Directorate-General for Local Authorities (DGAL). The conclusions of this research point to the need to renew the Central Administration (CA) and improve coordination between local authorities and the central government so that the process can be properly evaluated and monitored, guaranteeing democratic and financial transparency. This dissertation also aims to promote academic and political debate on the decentralization process in Portugal.
The decentralization process in Portugal is a topic of recent debate in the academic context, so this dissertation focuses on the analysis of the decentralization process in Portugal, namely the transition of competences to the municipalities, which came about through Law no. 50/2018, published in the Diário da República. This study aims to investigate the challenges faced by municipalities in submitting data to central services and the implications of these constraints on the decentralization process. To obtain reliable results, a survey of Portuguese municipalities was carried out, which obtained 91 responses, interviews with Porto City Council and the Tribunal de Contas (TdC), analysis of TdC reports on the process, as well as an extensive literature review that exposes the Portuguese framework in the decentralization process, as well as the trends of this political model and its conceptualization. As a result, it was possible to identify that this political model has advantages such as greater proximity between citizens and political decision-makers. However, Portuguese municipalities have faced some obstacles due to the lack of financial and human resources and the bureaucratic burden associated with the reports that have to be submitted to the Directorate-General for Local Authorities (DGAL). The conclusions of this research point to the need to renew the Central Administration (CA) and improve coordination between local authorities and the central government so that the process can be properly evaluated and monitored, guaranteeing democratic and financial transparency. This dissertation also aims to promote academic and political debate on the decentralization process in Portugal.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Descentralização Portugal Governo central Poder local Transição de competências Reporte Autarquias Decentralization Central government Local government Transition of competences Reporting Municipalities