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A conflitualidade laboral na TAP: do estertor do Marcelismo aos primeiros meses do PREC
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Com a presente investigação pretende-se fazer o mapeamento dos conflitos laborais que
tiveram lugar na TAP, num período que compreende o final do regime do Estado Novo e
o ano que se seguiu ao Golpe Militar de 25 de abril de 1974. Procuramos contextualizar
esses conflitos, numa primeira fase, num quadro de enfraquecimento do regime e
recrudescimento das lutas sociais no país, de 1969 em diante e, posteriormente, em
contexto revolucionário no biénio 1974-1975.
Começamos por analisar a importância da companhia aérea na afirmação dos desígnios
defendidos pelo regime do Estado Novo e de como essa centralidade, assim como as
características inerentes à indústria aeronáutica, permitiram a criação, na TAP, de uma
classe trabalhadora altamente qualificada e, por conseguinte, politicamente mais atenta e
exigente. Procurando retirar vantagem da reforma laboral ensaiada pelo Governo de
Marcello Caetano, que permitiu a eleição de dirigentes sindicais bastante radicalizados,
os trabalhadores da TAP e de muitas empresas do país vão endurecer as suas lutas. O
governo responde com uma vaga repressiva particularmente violenta, que terá como
corolário a invasão das instalações da companhia em julho de 1973.
O processo revolucionário português consagrou a força da classe trabalhadora na
transformação social do país, adotando um repertório reivindicativo mais arrojado do que
aquele que o novo poder instituído poderia suster. A urgência da mudança provocaria uma
disrupção de enormes dimensões na sociedade portuguesa, promovendo divisões no seio
da classe trabalhadora e aprofundando clivagens inultrapassáveis na esfera político
institucional do país.
Os trabalhadores da TAP participariam ativamente nesta transformação, incorporando nas
suas lutas grande parte das aspirações do operariado português, e espelhando igualmente
as divisões que tal processo desencadearia. Procuramos demonstrar que o seu processo
de emancipação social, com contornos comuns a outras empresas, assume na TAP um
carácter ainda mais dramático na medida em que os seus trabalhadores testemunhariam a
repressão do Estado, que não hesita em exercer sobre eles o seu poder coercivo,
nomeadamente nas greves em agosto e setembro de 1974.
The purpose of this research is to map the labour conflicts that took place at TAP during the period between the end of the Estado Novo regime and the year following the military coup of 25 April 1974. We try to contextualise these conflicts, initially in the context of the weakening of the regime and the upsurge in social struggles in the country from 1969 onwards, and later in the revolutionary context of 1974-1975. We began by analysing the importance of the airline in promoting the ideals pursued by the Estado Novo regime and how this centrality, as well as the inherent characteristics of the aeronautical industry, allowed TAP to create a highly qualified working class that was therefore more politically aware and demanding. Seeking to take advantage of the labour reform attempted by Marcello Caetano's government, which allowed for the election of highly radicalised union leaders, the workers at TAP and many of the country's companies are going to harden their struggles. The government responded with a particularly violent wave of repression, the corollary of which was the storming of the company's offices in July 1973. The Portuguese revolutionary process enshrined the strength of the working class in the social transformation of the country, adopting a bolder repertoire of demands than the new Establishment could sustain. The urgency of the change would cause a huge disruption in Portuguese society, promoting divisions within the working class and deepening insurmountable rifts in the country's political-institutional sphere. The TAP workers would actively participate in this transformation, incorporating into their struggles a large part of the aspirations of the Portuguese working class, and mirroring the divisions that this process would unleash. We try to show that their process of social emancipation, which was common to other companies, took on an even more dramatic dimension at TAP as its workers witnessed the repression of the state, which did not hesitate to exert its coercive power over them, particularly in the strikes in August and September 1974.
The purpose of this research is to map the labour conflicts that took place at TAP during the period between the end of the Estado Novo regime and the year following the military coup of 25 April 1974. We try to contextualise these conflicts, initially in the context of the weakening of the regime and the upsurge in social struggles in the country from 1969 onwards, and later in the revolutionary context of 1974-1975. We began by analysing the importance of the airline in promoting the ideals pursued by the Estado Novo regime and how this centrality, as well as the inherent characteristics of the aeronautical industry, allowed TAP to create a highly qualified working class that was therefore more politically aware and demanding. Seeking to take advantage of the labour reform attempted by Marcello Caetano's government, which allowed for the election of highly radicalised union leaders, the workers at TAP and many of the country's companies are going to harden their struggles. The government responded with a particularly violent wave of repression, the corollary of which was the storming of the company's offices in July 1973. The Portuguese revolutionary process enshrined the strength of the working class in the social transformation of the country, adopting a bolder repertoire of demands than the new Establishment could sustain. The urgency of the change would cause a huge disruption in Portuguese society, promoting divisions within the working class and deepening insurmountable rifts in the country's political-institutional sphere. The TAP workers would actively participate in this transformation, incorporating into their struggles a large part of the aspirations of the Portuguese working class, and mirroring the divisions that this process would unleash. We try to show that their process of social emancipation, which was common to other companies, took on an even more dramatic dimension at TAP as its workers witnessed the repression of the state, which did not hesitate to exert its coercive power over them, particularly in the strikes in August and September 1974.
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Processo revolucionário Conflitualidade laboral Radicalismo Trabalhadores Companhia aérea Revolutionary process Labour conflict Radicalism Workers Airline