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Relatório de estágio curricular no juízo local criminal de Gondomar - A tutela da autodeterminação processual do arguido no CPP: A incapacidade para estar em juízo
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A incapacidade processual penal do arguido configura ainda uma «área cinzenta» no ordenamento jurídico português, na medida em que os problemas que suscita não estão resolvidos na lei. Através do nosso humilde contributo, esperamos deixar claro a razão pela qual este instituto jurídico é merecedor de uma intervenção legislativa.
De facto, a incapacidade, embora não integre o quotidiano dos tribunais portugueses, assumirá, eventualmente, uma maior relevância, dado o crescente número de indivíduos em Portugal que são afetados por anomalia psíquica. É vital que o ordenamento jurídico português saiba responder de forma adequada e cuidada a este problema, sob pena de desproteger o arguido e, desrespeitar, consequentemente, as suas garantias de defesa constitucionalmente consagradas. Da mesma maneira, a positivação da incapacidade prevenirá, também, que se utilize, de forma indevida e até abusiva, a invocação da incapacidade para evitar a condenação. É do interesse da própria Justiça e não só dos arguidos que a incapacidade seja acautelada pela lei processual penal.
A tipificação deverá assegurar não só a concetualização de incapacidade, bem como o procedimento a seguir relativamente à averiguação da mesma e as consequências que advirão da comprovada incapacidade do arguido para estar em juízo. A averiguação da incapacidade resultará da sinergia entre o perito e o julgador, razão pela qual os contributos para a consagração da incapacidade na lei não poderão advir apenas dos profissionais de Direito.
Face ao exposto, olhar-se-á para diferentes contributos doutrinários, tanto nacionais, como estrangeiros, bem como para os ordenamentos jurídicos doutros países, para construir aquela que, no nosso ponto de vista, deverá ser a disciplina da incapacidade processual penal do arguido.
The defendant’s fitness to stand trial is still a «grey area» in the Portuguese legal system, as there is no reference to it in the law. Through our humble contribution, we hope to make it clear why this legal institute deserves to be included in the law. Indeed, although capacity is not discussed daily in the Portuguese courts, it will eventually take on greater relevance, given the growing number of individuals in Portugal who suffer some kind of mental anomaly. It is vital that the Portuguese legal system can respond adequately to this problem, otherwise this inaction may unprotect the defendant and consequently disrespect his constitutional consecrated defence guarantees. Likewise, positivising incapacity will also prevent the abusive invocation of incapacity to avoid conviction. Also, it is in the interests of justice itself, and not only of defendants, that incapacity be safeguarded by the criminal procedural law. The typification must ensure that incapacity is conceptualised, as well as the procedure to be followed regarding the enquiry and the consequences that will result from the defendant’s proven incapacity to stand trial. The assessment of fitness to stand trial will result from the cooperation and collaboration between the expert and the judge, which is why the contributions to discipline incapacity cannot only come from legal practitioners. Considering the above, we will look at different doctrinal contributions, both national and foreign, as well as the legal system of other countries, in order to build what, in our view, should be the discipline of the defendant’s fitness to stand trial criminal procedure.
The defendant’s fitness to stand trial is still a «grey area» in the Portuguese legal system, as there is no reference to it in the law. Through our humble contribution, we hope to make it clear why this legal institute deserves to be included in the law. Indeed, although capacity is not discussed daily in the Portuguese courts, it will eventually take on greater relevance, given the growing number of individuals in Portugal who suffer some kind of mental anomaly. It is vital that the Portuguese legal system can respond adequately to this problem, otherwise this inaction may unprotect the defendant and consequently disrespect his constitutional consecrated defence guarantees. Likewise, positivising incapacity will also prevent the abusive invocation of incapacity to avoid conviction. Also, it is in the interests of justice itself, and not only of defendants, that incapacity be safeguarded by the criminal procedural law. The typification must ensure that incapacity is conceptualised, as well as the procedure to be followed regarding the enquiry and the consequences that will result from the defendant’s proven incapacity to stand trial. The assessment of fitness to stand trial will result from the cooperation and collaboration between the expert and the judge, which is why the contributions to discipline incapacity cannot only come from legal practitioners. Considering the above, we will look at different doctrinal contributions, both national and foreign, as well as the legal system of other countries, in order to build what, in our view, should be the discipline of the defendant’s fitness to stand trial criminal procedure.
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anomalia psíquica incapacidade para estar em juízo garantias de defesa do arguido estatuto processual do arguido perícia psiquiátrica fitness for interrogation fitness to stand trial mental anomaly guarantees of the defendant’s defence procedural statues of the defendant psychiatric expertise