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Proteção Laboral das Vítimas de Violência Doméstica
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Quando falamos em Violência Doméstica, pensamos imediatamente no Direito Penal que prevê e pune este crime no artigo 152.º do Código Penal. Este é um tema que pode abranger diferentes abordagens. No entanto, o presente trabalho não aborda as discussões teórico-legais típicas, trata antes o tema da Violência Doméstica na sua vertente mais preventiva, mais especificamente no Foro Laboral.
Para uma correta e ampla compreensão da presente temática tivemos também de nos debruçar no estudo do tema ao nível do Direito Penal, mas sempre numa perspetiva de conexão com o Direito do Trabalho.
Por conseguinte, o objetivo da presente Dissertação de Mestrado é analisar e explorar os diversos mecanismos ou faculdades aos quais as vítimas de violência doméstica podem recorrer, em especial no Direito do Trabalho. Para além disso, tentámos propor soluções para as várias dificuldades que os trabalhadores vítimas de violência doméstica e as respetivas entidades empregadoras encontram quando pretendem aplicar as medidas de proteção reguladas, tanto no Código do Trabalho, como na Lei n.º
112/2009, de 16 de setembro.
Para concretizarmos estes objetivos, começamos por enquadrar a violência doméstica numa vertente histórico-legal e abordamos alguns diplomas legais e instituições relevantes ao nível internacional e nacional. Para além disso, comparámos o sistema jurídico português com o sistema jurídico espanhol, que foi pioneiro nesta temática ao nível jurídico, e, mais sucintamente, com o aplicado no Brasil e Estados
Unidos da América.
Por fim, tentámos analisar os instrumentos legislativos que regulam atualmente esta temática, bem como explorar a sua aplicação prática. Por outro lado, analisámos os vários estudos sobre os subtemas indicados, nomeadamente o que alguma doutrina pensa, que mudanças sugerem para tornar os diplomas legislativos mais próximos da realidade e mais práticos, de forma que estes mecanismos sejam um verdadeiro apoio para as vítimas e de fácil implementação junto das entidades empregadoras.
When we talk about Domestic Violence, we immediately think of the Criminal Law which foresees and punishes this crime in article 152.º of the Criminal Code. This is a topic that can cover different approaches. However, this thesis does not address the typical theoretical-legal discussions, it deals with the theme of Domestic Violence in its most preventive aspect, specifically in the Labor Law. For a correct and broad understanding of this subject, we also had to dedicate some time to studying the subject in terms of Criminal Law, but always from a perspective of connection with Labor Law. In this sense, the goal of this essay is to analyze and explore the various mechanisms or faculties which the victims of Domestic Violence can resort to, especially in Labor Law. In addition, we try to propose solutions to the various difficulties which workers who are victims of Domestic Violence and their respective employers encounter when they intend to apply the protection measures regulated both in the Labor Code and also in Law n.º112/2009, of September 16th. In order to achieve these goals, we begin by framing Domestic Violence in a historical-legal perspective and approach some relevant legal diplomas and institutions at an international and national level. Additionally, we compared the Portuguese legal system with the Spanish legal system, which was a pioneer in this subject at the legal level, and more succinctly with what is applied in Brazil and in the United States of America. Last but not least, we tried to analyze the legal instruments which currently regulate this issue, moreover, explore their practical application. On the other hand, we also analyze several studies on the indicated subtopics, namely what some doctrine thinks, what changes they suggest to make the legal diplomas closer to reality and more practical, so that these mechanisms are a real support for the victims and something easy to implement by the employers.
When we talk about Domestic Violence, we immediately think of the Criminal Law which foresees and punishes this crime in article 152.º of the Criminal Code. This is a topic that can cover different approaches. However, this thesis does not address the typical theoretical-legal discussions, it deals with the theme of Domestic Violence in its most preventive aspect, specifically in the Labor Law. For a correct and broad understanding of this subject, we also had to dedicate some time to studying the subject in terms of Criminal Law, but always from a perspective of connection with Labor Law. In this sense, the goal of this essay is to analyze and explore the various mechanisms or faculties which the victims of Domestic Violence can resort to, especially in Labor Law. In addition, we try to propose solutions to the various difficulties which workers who are victims of Domestic Violence and their respective employers encounter when they intend to apply the protection measures regulated both in the Labor Code and also in Law n.º112/2009, of September 16th. In order to achieve these goals, we begin by framing Domestic Violence in a historical-legal perspective and approach some relevant legal diplomas and institutions at an international and national level. Additionally, we compared the Portuguese legal system with the Spanish legal system, which was a pioneer in this subject at the legal level, and more succinctly with what is applied in Brazil and in the United States of America. Last but not least, we tried to analyze the legal instruments which currently regulate this issue, moreover, explore their practical application. On the other hand, we also analyze several studies on the indicated subtopics, namely what some doctrine thinks, what changes they suggest to make the legal diplomas closer to reality and more practical, so that these mechanisms are a real support for the victims and something easy to implement by the employers.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Violência Doméstica Vítimas Direito do Trabalho Proteção laboral Estatuto de Vítima Mecanismos ou Faculdades Regime de Justificação de Faltas Mudança do Local de Trabalho Alteração do Tempo de Trabalho Suspensão do Contrato de Trabalho Teletrabalho Domestic Violence Victims, Labour Law Labor Protection Victim Status Mechanisms or Faculties Regime of Justification of Absences Change of Place of Work Change of Working Hours Suspension of the Employment Contract Telework