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Preparação de uma emulsão aquosa de cardanol e sua aplicação na indústria
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O cardanol, apresenta características idênticas ao fenol, por este motivo, ele tem vindo a ganhar cada vez mais espaço na indústria química como um substituto ao fenol em muitas aplicações, proporcionando resultados semelhantes ou melhores.
Este trabalho teve como principais objetivos a formulação de uma emulsão de cardanol e a sua aplicação na indústria, para cumprir estes objetivos foi necessário cumprir três etapas.
A primeira etapa foi a síntese do éster fosfato de cardanol, a partir da reação de fosforilação do cardanol com o pentóxido de fósforo, avaliando parâmetros como a temperatura , agitação, necessidade de catalise básica ou ácida e adição faseada do pentóxido de fósforo ao cardanol, as condições ótimas de ensaio encontradas foram: temperatura e agitação da mistura reacional a 35ºC-40ºC e 900-1000 rpm, respetivamente e adição faseada do pentóxido de fósforo.
Na segunda etapa procedeu-se á formulação das emulsões, variando parâmetros como, a temperatura e a quantidade de água necessária para formar emulsão, a quantidade de emulsionante, o pH da emulsão e a ordem de adição das fases, o melhor resultado foi obtido no ensaio B-345/23, utilizando como material de partida o líquido da casca da castanha de caju da Índia em vez do cardanol, as condições ótimas encontradas foram, temperatura da água a 15ºC, 0,1% de emulsionante em relação á quantidade de cardanol, meio ácido, e adição da água e emulsionante á mistura reacional.
Na terceira e última etapa, foi efetuada a aplicação das emulsões obtidas na segunda etapa, utilizando como agente de cura a hexamina, e variando os seguintes parâmetros: o tempo e a temperatura de cura e a quantidade de hexamina adicionada á emulsão, as condições ótimas de cura encontradas foram a 160ºC e 5 horas, e 6,7 % de hexamina em relação á quantidade de emulsão.
Cardanol has identical characteristics to phenol, which is why it has been gaining more and more ground in the chemical industry as a substitute for phenol in many applications, providing similar or better results. The main objectives of this work were the formulation of a cardanol emulsion and its application in industry. In order to realise these objectives, it was necessary to carry out three stages. The first stage was the synthesis of cardanol phosphate ester, based on the phosphorylation reaction of cardanol with phosphorus pentoxide, evaluating parameters such as temperature, agitation, the need for basic or acid catalysis and the phased addition of phosphorus pentoxide to cardanol. The optimal test conditions found were temperature and agitation of the reaction mixture at 35ºC-40ºC and 900-1000 rpm, respectively, and the phased addition of phosphorus pentoxide. In the second stage, the emulsions were formulated, varying parameters such as the temperature and amount of water needed to form the emulsion, the amount of emulsifier, the pH of the emulsion and the order in which the phases were added. The best result was obtained in test B-345/23, using cashew nut liquid from India as the starting material instead of cardanol, the optimal conditions found were water temperature at 15ºC, 0,1% emulsifier in relation to amount of cardanol, acidic emulsion, and the addition of water and emulsifier to the reaction mixture. In the third and final stage, the emulsions obtained in the second stage were applied, using hexamine as the curing agent, and varying the following parameters: curing time and temperature and the amount of hexamine added to the emulsion. The optimal curing conditions found were 160ºC and 5 hours, and 6.7% hexamine in relation to the amount of emulsion.
Cardanol has identical characteristics to phenol, which is why it has been gaining more and more ground in the chemical industry as a substitute for phenol in many applications, providing similar or better results. The main objectives of this work were the formulation of a cardanol emulsion and its application in industry. In order to realise these objectives, it was necessary to carry out three stages. The first stage was the synthesis of cardanol phosphate ester, based on the phosphorylation reaction of cardanol with phosphorus pentoxide, evaluating parameters such as temperature, agitation, the need for basic or acid catalysis and the phased addition of phosphorus pentoxide to cardanol. The optimal test conditions found were temperature and agitation of the reaction mixture at 35ºC-40ºC and 900-1000 rpm, respectively, and the phased addition of phosphorus pentoxide. In the second stage, the emulsions were formulated, varying parameters such as the temperature and amount of water needed to form the emulsion, the amount of emulsifier, the pH of the emulsion and the order in which the phases were added. The best result was obtained in test B-345/23, using cashew nut liquid from India as the starting material instead of cardanol, the optimal conditions found were water temperature at 15ºC, 0,1% emulsifier in relation to amount of cardanol, acidic emulsion, and the addition of water and emulsifier to the reaction mixture. In the third and final stage, the emulsions obtained in the second stage were applied, using hexamine as the curing agent, and varying the following parameters: curing time and temperature and the amount of hexamine added to the emulsion. The optimal curing conditions found were 160ºC and 5 hours, and 6.7% hexamine in relation to the amount of emulsion.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
LCC emulsões aquosas fosforilação hexamina cardanol