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Economia Social e Crowdfunding: Perspetivas e Desafios
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A economia social tem estado cada vez mais na ordem do dia, especialmente devido ao papel fundamental que tem desempenhado durante momentos de crise. Partindo do pressuposto que as entidades que fazem parte deste setor regem-se por princípios de não lucratividade, a problemática da sua sustentabilidade financeira revela-se o principal ponto de partida para esta investigação. Entre as múltiplas controvérsias que envolvem este setor, designadamente a grande variedade de conceitos e as disparidades quanto ao seu reconhecimento, com inevitáveis reflexos sobre a respetiva base legal, surge ainda a necessidade de diversificar as suas fontes de financiamento, regra geral, muito dependentes. A inovação, neste sentido, é vista como uma ferramenta propícia na concretização deste desígnio e é aqui que surge o crowdfunding. Este instrumento de financiamento dispõe de uma ampla variedade de modalidades, inclusivamente uma
relacionada com donativos – o crowdfunding por donativo – com um importante relevo no âmbito da presente dissertação. Observe-se que, para além de as doações ocuparem uma fatia ínfima do financiamento das organizações da economia social, as recolhas tradicionais de donativos revelam-se, hoje, obsoletas. É, por isso, que a criação de campanhas através de plataformas de crowdfunding, com recurso à modalidade de
donativo, deve ser vista como uma forma alternativa para financiar este setor. A isto, acresce o seu enorme potencial como instrumento de divulgação da própria entidade da economia social e daquele que é o seu propósito. Importa notar que esta divulgação assume contornos worldwide por força do recurso à internet, o que permite alargar em grande escala o número de doadores, incentivando não apenas aos contributos, mas também à participação ativa no seio da entidade em causa por via do voluntariado. No âmbito destas plataformas, a investigação em torno da relação estabelecida entre o beneficiário da campanha e os doadores é ainda escassa e o interesse na sua análise reside na especificidade deste contrato de doação, uma vez que o donativo é feito tendo em vista uma determinada finalidade. Esta particularidade convoca desvios aos termos gerais do contrato de doação que importam ser descortinados para uma melhor compreensão.
Social economy has been a contemporary topic due to its key work in times of crisis. Given that one of the main pillars of this sector is its non-profit characteristic, its financial sustainability brings forward a necessary discussion which will be the motto for this thesis. Indeed, there are numerous debates around this sector, notably owing to the wide variety of concepts and differences in the way in which they are recognized, with inevitable repercussions on the legal framework for each jurisdiction, but also because of the need to diversify their sources of funding, which are generally very dependent. In this sense, innovation must be seen as an appropriate contribution to diversity these organizations’ financial resources and crowdfunding, as a consequence, plays an important role in this regard. This financial instrument, with its numerous modalities, foresees donation-based crowdfunding which must be highlighted in the context of the present thesis. Donations represent a very low percentage of the financing of the social economy organizations and the traditional collecting donation is, currently, outdated. Given the current status quo, donation-based crowdfunding must be seen as an alternative way to finance this sector. Moreover, crowdfunding possesses an enormous potential to promote the purpose and activity of social economy organizations. As a concluding remark, it is relevant to emphasize the fact that this development can easily reach global territory given the internet factor which in turn increases the number of donors, encouraging not only financial contributions but also volunteer work. In what concerns these platforms, the research on the relation established between the promotor and the donors is, at least for now, scarce, and the interest on that is based on the donation contract’s specificities, in particular, the fact the donation is made for a certain determined purpose. Consequently, there are some detours on the donation contract’s general rules that need to be analysed so as to have a better understanding.
Social economy has been a contemporary topic due to its key work in times of crisis. Given that one of the main pillars of this sector is its non-profit characteristic, its financial sustainability brings forward a necessary discussion which will be the motto for this thesis. Indeed, there are numerous debates around this sector, notably owing to the wide variety of concepts and differences in the way in which they are recognized, with inevitable repercussions on the legal framework for each jurisdiction, but also because of the need to diversify their sources of funding, which are generally very dependent. In this sense, innovation must be seen as an appropriate contribution to diversity these organizations’ financial resources and crowdfunding, as a consequence, plays an important role in this regard. This financial instrument, with its numerous modalities, foresees donation-based crowdfunding which must be highlighted in the context of the present thesis. Donations represent a very low percentage of the financing of the social economy organizations and the traditional collecting donation is, currently, outdated. Given the current status quo, donation-based crowdfunding must be seen as an alternative way to finance this sector. Moreover, crowdfunding possesses an enormous potential to promote the purpose and activity of social economy organizations. As a concluding remark, it is relevant to emphasize the fact that this development can easily reach global territory given the internet factor which in turn increases the number of donors, encouraging not only financial contributions but also volunteer work. In what concerns these platforms, the research on the relation established between the promotor and the donors is, at least for now, scarce, and the interest on that is based on the donation contract’s specificities, in particular, the fact the donation is made for a certain determined purpose. Consequently, there are some detours on the donation contract’s general rules that need to be analysed so as to have a better understanding.
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Crowdfunding sustentabilidade financeira Economia Social Contrato de Doação social economy crowdfunding financial sustainability donation contract