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Discurso e Ideologia: uma análise dos discursos de Lula e Bolsonaro na Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas e o enquadramento dos direitos humanos
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Resumo(s)
A Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos (1948) estabeleceu um novo padrão nas
relações internacionais ao trazer os direitos humanos para o centro das discussões globais.
Nesse cenário, o presente estudo busca analisar criticamente os discursos de Lula e Bolsonaro
na Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas durante seus primeiros mandatos, com foco na
abordagem conferida aos direitos humanos. A pesquisa examina como cada presidente tratou
a temática em suas falas, considerando suas respectivas ideologias e analisa as possíveis
diferenças e semelhanças em suas abordagens. Para isso, utiliza uma metodologia mista que
combina a Análise Crítica de Discurso e a análise de frequência de palavras. Estruturalmente,
a investigação está dividida em dois capítulos contextuais, que exploram o papel das Nações
Unidas e a política externa brasileira em direitos humanos, e dois capítulos analíticos, que
examinam os discursos de Lula (2003-2006) e Bolsonaro (2019-2022) através de análises
qualitativas e quantitativas. Os resultados indicam que cada presidente priorizou temas de
direitos humanos conforme suas ideologias políticas, corroborando a ideia de que tais
abordagens refletem as prioridades e valores de cada governo. Dessa forma, observou-se que
Lula destacou aspectos mais universalistas e inclusivos, enquanto Bolsonaro focou em uma
perspectiva nacionalista e na defesa das liberdades individuais.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) established a new standard in international relations by bringing human rights to the forefront of global discussions. In this context, the present study aims to critically analyze the discourses of Lula and Bolsonaro at the United Nations General Assembly during their first terms, with a focus on their approach to human rights. The research examines how each president addressed this issue in their speeches, considering their respective ideologies, and analyzes the possible differences and similarities in their approaches. To achieve this, a mixed methodology is used, combining Critical Discourse Analysis and word frequency analysis. Structurally, the investigation is divided into two contextual chapters, which explore the role of the United Nations and brazilian foreign policy on human rights, and two analytical chapters wich examine the discourses of Lula (2003- 2006) and Bolsonaro (2019-2022) through qualitative and quantitative analyses. The results indicate that each president prioritized human rights topics according to their political ideologies, supporting the idea that these approaches reflect the priorities and values of each government. Thus, it was observed that Lula emphasized more universal and inclusive aspects, while Bolsonaro focused on a nationalist perspective and the defense of individual liberties.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) established a new standard in international relations by bringing human rights to the forefront of global discussions. In this context, the present study aims to critically analyze the discourses of Lula and Bolsonaro at the United Nations General Assembly during their first terms, with a focus on their approach to human rights. The research examines how each president addressed this issue in their speeches, considering their respective ideologies, and analyzes the possible differences and similarities in their approaches. To achieve this, a mixed methodology is used, combining Critical Discourse Analysis and word frequency analysis. Structurally, the investigation is divided into two contextual chapters, which explore the role of the United Nations and brazilian foreign policy on human rights, and two analytical chapters wich examine the discourses of Lula (2003- 2006) and Bolsonaro (2019-2022) through qualitative and quantitative analyses. The results indicate that each president prioritized human rights topics according to their political ideologies, supporting the idea that these approaches reflect the priorities and values of each government. Thus, it was observed that Lula emphasized more universal and inclusive aspects, while Bolsonaro focused on a nationalist perspective and the defense of individual liberties.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Direitos Humanos Assembleia Geral das Nações Unidas Discurso Lula Bolsonaro Human Rights United Nations General Assembly Discourse