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Exploring sustainability in European civil aviation: (failing) national champions - the evolution of flag carriers in Europe through challenges and Covid-19
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This study examines the evolution of Flag Carriers in the European Civil Aviation market.
Employing various theoretical perspectives, it analyses the rationale for state ownership of
airlines, weighing political interests and socio-economic efficiency. Additionally, it assesses
state aid measures granted to flagship airlines amid the COVID-19 Pandemic and their potential
effects on the sector’s competitiveness. Finally, a case study of TAP Air Portugal illustrates the
complexities associated with state intervention and privatization attempts in the management
of state-owned carriers. A comparison of route frequencies before and after the 2015 partial
privatization highlights that services of public interest can effectively be operated under private
leadership. Overall, the article advocates prioritizing economic efficiency over political motives.
Keywords.
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Palavras-chave
Flag carriers Tap Air Portugal State-owned enterprises Liberalisation Competitive dynamics Efficiency Political interference Softened budget constraint State intervention State aid Covid-19