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Desafios Regulatórios à Operação de Navios Autônomos: Uma análise à luz da Convenção das Nações Unidas sobre o Direito do Mar e da Convenção Internacional para a Salvaguarda da Vida Humana no Mar
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Resumo(s)
A relação entre o Direito e a Tecnologia pode ser comparada à metáfora da “Corrida dos Ratos”, a qual alegoriza um esforço sem fim por um objetivo inalcançável. Afinal, em sendo a inovação tecnológica constante, é recorrente a obsolescência legislativa frente às características disruptivas de novas tecnologias em setores tradicionais.
Esse cenário não poderia ser diferente no Direito do Mar. Uma vez que indústria marítima figura como protagonista nas trocas comerciais internacionais, esta é objeto de pesquisa e desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias a fim de aumentar sua eficiência, rentabilidade e segurança.
Nesse sentido, é inegável que o surgimento de tecnologias autônomas na operação de embarcações representa um marco significativo na história marítima, com implicações profundas em diversos domínios. Essas inovações trazem consigo avanços notáveis, como eficiência operacional aprimorada e redução de custos e dos riscos associados a erros humanos.
Por outro lado, como em qualquer outro setor, a crescente evolução tecnológica na indústria marítima traz consigo questionamentos críticos. Dentre esses, destacam-se os relacionados a segurança das próprias embarcações, proteção das cargas transportadas, preservação do meio ambiente marinho e, acima
de tudo, salvaguarda da vida humana envolvida na operação marítima.
Nesse contexto, as convenções internacionais voltadas à garantia da segurança marítima desempenham um papel fundamental, destacando-se a Convenção Internacional para a Salvaguarda da Vida Humana no Mar (SOLAS) como principal instrumento normativo desse sistema.
Isto posto, a presente dissertação de mestrado objetiva a análise aprofundada dos desafios e implicações legais intrínsecos à operação de navios autônomos, dentro do âmbito da legislação internacional de segurança marítima. Especificamente, o estudo concentra-se no exame das questões que emergem da interseção entre a evolução tecnológica na indústria marítima e as exigências regulatórias destinadas a
preservar a segurança da navegação.
Em suma, este estudo busca lançar luz sobre os desafios legislativos associados à operação de navios autônomos, bem oferecer alternativas ao aperfeiçoamento do regime jurídico internacional a fim de garantir a segurança da navegação e a sua conformidade em um cenário marítimo em rápida transformação.
The relationship between Law and Technology can be compared to the metaphor of the "Rat Race", which allegorizing an endless effort towards an unattainable goal. After all, with constant technological innovation, legislative obsolescence is recurrent in the face of the disruptive characteristics of new technologies in traditional sectors. This scenario is no different in the Law of the Sea. As the maritime industry plays a pivotal role in international trade, it is subject of research and the development of new technologies to enhance its efficiency, profitability, and safety. In this context, the emergence of autonomous technologies in vessel operations represents a significant milestone in maritime history, with profound implications in various domains. These innovations bring notable advancements, such as improved operational efficiency and the reduction of costs and risks associated with human errors. However, as in any other sector, the continuous technological evolution in the maritime industry raises critical questions. Among these, concerns related to the safety of vessels themselves, protection of transported cargo, preservation of the marine environment, and, above all, the safeguarding of human life involved in maritime operations can be highlighted. In this context, international conventions focused on ensuring maritime safety play a crucial role, with the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) being the primary normative instrument in this system. Therefore, this master's dissertation aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the inherent legal challenges and implications of autonomous ship operations within the scope of international maritime safety legislation. Specifically, the study focuses on examining issues arising from the intersection of technological evolution in the maritime industry and regulatory requirements aimed at preserving navigational safety. In summary, this study seeks to shed light on the legislative challenges associated with autonomous ship operations and to provide alternatives for enhancing the international legal framework to ensure navigational safety and compliance in a rapidly transforming maritime landscape.
The relationship between Law and Technology can be compared to the metaphor of the "Rat Race", which allegorizing an endless effort towards an unattainable goal. After all, with constant technological innovation, legislative obsolescence is recurrent in the face of the disruptive characteristics of new technologies in traditional sectors. This scenario is no different in the Law of the Sea. As the maritime industry plays a pivotal role in international trade, it is subject of research and the development of new technologies to enhance its efficiency, profitability, and safety. In this context, the emergence of autonomous technologies in vessel operations represents a significant milestone in maritime history, with profound implications in various domains. These innovations bring notable advancements, such as improved operational efficiency and the reduction of costs and risks associated with human errors. However, as in any other sector, the continuous technological evolution in the maritime industry raises critical questions. Among these, concerns related to the safety of vessels themselves, protection of transported cargo, preservation of the marine environment, and, above all, the safeguarding of human life involved in maritime operations can be highlighted. In this context, international conventions focused on ensuring maritime safety play a crucial role, with the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) being the primary normative instrument in this system. Therefore, this master's dissertation aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the inherent legal challenges and implications of autonomous ship operations within the scope of international maritime safety legislation. Specifically, the study focuses on examining issues arising from the intersection of technological evolution in the maritime industry and regulatory requirements aimed at preserving navigational safety. In summary, this study seeks to shed light on the legislative challenges associated with autonomous ship operations and to provide alternatives for enhancing the international legal framework to ensure navigational safety and compliance in a rapidly transforming maritime landscape.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Segurança Marítima Regulamentação Navios Autônomos Autonomous Ships Maritime Safety Regulation