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A descomodificação da força de trabalho: necessidades e implicações para a justiça no local de trabalho
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Com a queda do bloco soviético e a confirmação da democracia liberal, o sistema capitalista tornou-se uma hegemonia a nível político e académico. Contudo, as diversas contradições apontadas por Karl Marx no final do séc. XIX parecem continuar a colocar o sistema capitalista como antagónico à própria democracia: a venda da força de trabalho a um empregador corresponde a uma forma de dominação de um agente sobre outro.
No âmbito político, económico e social parece haver problemas com os conceitos geralmente utilizados nas teorias da justiça, tais como: democracia, liberdade e justiça. Também nos locais de trabalho estas contradições emergem, materializam-se e o trabalho torna-se mercadoria do próprio sistema económico. Se se pressupõe uma forma de democracia no âmbito político também será necessário refletir sobre a democracia na relação estabelecida por quem vende a sua força de trabalho e por quem a compra, bem como toda a economia envolvente.
Identificando estas contradições, esta investigação procura promover a discussão sobre como o trabalho é, primeiramente, explorador, em segundo, como uma política pró-trabalho pode ser implementada dentro de uma teoria da justiça. Posteriormente, procura explorar a aplicabilidade destes conceitos às teorias da Democracia nos Locais de Trabalho e da Democracia Económica.
Pretendo analisar os possíveis modelos que visam mitigar o autoritarismo nos locais de trabalho e se estes são suficientes e necessárias para integrar uma teoria da Workplace Democracy. Isto é, se o aumento do salário, redução da jornada de trabalho, o Rendimento Básico Incondicional, o acesso ao bem-estar, implicam necessariamente mais democracia na relação entre um agente explorado e outro explorador, ou se, em última instância, o problema central é a comodificação da força de trabalho e a injusta distribuição da propriedade na estrutura económica.
With the collapse of the Soviet bloc and the consolidation of liberal democracy, the capitalist system has emerged as a political and academic hegemony. However, the myriad contradictions elucidated by Karl Marx in the late 19th century persist, casting the capitalist system as fundamentally antagonistic to democracy itself: the sale of labor-power to an employer represents a form of domination of one agent over another. Across the political, economic, and social spheres, issues have arisen with the concepts commonly employed in theories of justice, such as democracy, freedom, and justice. These contradictions also manifest within workplaces, where labor becomes commodified within the economic system. If a form of democracy is presupposed within the political realm, it becomes imperative to contemplate democracy within the relationship between those who sell their labor-power and those who purchase it, as well as within the broader economic structure. Identifying these contradictions, this research seeks to foster discussion on how labor is, first and foremost, exploitive, and, secondly, how a pro-labor law can be implemented within a theory of justice. Subsequently, it explores the applicability of these concepts to theories of Workplace Democracy and Economic Democracy. This study aims to analyse the possible models aimed at mitigating authoritarianism in the workplace and whether these are sufficient and necessary to integrate a theory of Workplace Democracy. That is, whether increasing wages, reducing working hours, implementing Universal Basic Income, providing access to welfare necessarily imply more democracy in the relationship between an exploited agent and another exploiter, or if ultimately, the central problem lies in the commodification of the workforce and the unjust distribution of property within the economic structure.
With the collapse of the Soviet bloc and the consolidation of liberal democracy, the capitalist system has emerged as a political and academic hegemony. However, the myriad contradictions elucidated by Karl Marx in the late 19th century persist, casting the capitalist system as fundamentally antagonistic to democracy itself: the sale of labor-power to an employer represents a form of domination of one agent over another. Across the political, economic, and social spheres, issues have arisen with the concepts commonly employed in theories of justice, such as democracy, freedom, and justice. These contradictions also manifest within workplaces, where labor becomes commodified within the economic system. If a form of democracy is presupposed within the political realm, it becomes imperative to contemplate democracy within the relationship between those who sell their labor-power and those who purchase it, as well as within the broader economic structure. Identifying these contradictions, this research seeks to foster discussion on how labor is, first and foremost, exploitive, and, secondly, how a pro-labor law can be implemented within a theory of justice. Subsequently, it explores the applicability of these concepts to theories of Workplace Democracy and Economic Democracy. This study aims to analyse the possible models aimed at mitigating authoritarianism in the workplace and whether these are sufficient and necessary to integrate a theory of Workplace Democracy. That is, whether increasing wages, reducing working hours, implementing Universal Basic Income, providing access to welfare necessarily imply more democracy in the relationship between an exploited agent and another exploiter, or if ultimately, the central problem lies in the commodification of the workforce and the unjust distribution of property within the economic structure.
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Democracia no local de trabalho Comodificação Trabalho Democracia económica Propriedade Workplace democracy Commodification Labor Economic democracy Property