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Aspetos comparativos da gestão patrimonial dos jardins Botânico da Ajuda e Botânico de Lisboa. A divulgação de bens patrimoniais como caso de estudo
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O Jardim Botânico da Ajuda, o primeiro jardim botânico português, inaugurado em 1768, e o Jardim Botânico de Lisboa, inaugurado em 1878, representam uma parte da história da ciência em Portugal. O primeiro, fundado para servir a educação dos príncipes, teve diversas fases durante a sua história, passando de um centro científico importante a nível nacional e europeu, para um jardim esquecido e degradado. Por conta da sua proteção, foi possível recuperar, nos anos noventa do século XX, a função científica e de recreio que outrora teve. Encontra-se classificado como Imóvel de Interesse Público. O segundo, criado para servir a Escola Politécnica de Lisboa a nível de ensino da botânica, teve uma construção atribulada, levando a um atraso na sua inauguração e a sua história é menos conturbada quando comparada com a do Jardim Botânico da Ajuda. Foi o primeiro jardim botânico a ser classificado como Monumento Nacional em Portugal devido à importante coleção científica, à sua importância enquanto antigo centro das ciências e à atual função ecológica.
Como principal objetivo, procurou-se responder à pergunta de investigação: quais são os modelos de gestão patrimonial e como impactam na divulgação patrimonial dos jardins em estudo. Por conseguinte, investigou-se os aspetos da gestão patrimonial de ambos os jardins, conhecendo as suas equipas, as rotinas, os recursos alocados, a conservação e estado de manutenção dos espaços e equipamentos, os projetos de investigação e os planos de intervenção para a conservação e reabilitação dos espaços no jardim através da observação direta, dos relatórios de atividades, de entrevistas e de leituras. Além da gestão patrimonial, o foco foi entender como se procede a divulgação patrimonial destes jardins através da análise da informação divulgada por diversos formatos (como os folhetos, as placas indicativas nos espaços, as visitas virtuais, os websites) e compreender os planos de educação ambiental. Posteriormente, comparou-se a gestão e divulgação patrimonial dos jardins, realizando-se uma análise SWOT de modo a compreender as boas práticas e os aspetos a melhorar.
The Ajuda Botanical Garden, the first Portuguese botanic garden, opened in 1768, and the Lisbon Botanical Garden, opened in 1878, represent a part of the history of science in Portugal. The first, founded to serve the education of princes, went through several phases during its history, changing from an important scientific center at the national and European levels to a forgotten and degraded garden. Due to its protection, it was possible to recover, in the nineties of the 20th century, the scientific and recreational function that it once had. It is classified as a Imóvel de Interesse Público (Property of Public Interest). The second, created to serve the Escola Politécnica de Lisboa for teaching botany, had a turbulent construction, leading to a delay in its inauguration. Its history is less troubled when compared to the history of the Ajuda Botanical Garden. It was the first botanical garden to be classified as a National Monument in Portugal due to its important scientific collection, its significance as a former science center, and its current ecological function. Our main objective was to answer the research question: what are the heritage management models and how do they impact the heritage dissemination of the gardens under study? To this end, we investigated various aspects of the heritage management of both gardens, including their teams, routines, allocated resources, conservation and maintenance status of spaces and equipment, research projects, and intervention plans for the conservation and rehabilitation of spaces in the garden through direct observation, activity reports, interviews, and readings. In addition to heritage management, the focus was on understanding how the heritage disclosure of these gardens is carried out through the analysis of information disseminated in different formats (such as flyers, gardens’ signposts, virtual visits, websites) and understanding environmental education plans. Subsequently, the management and heritage dissemination of the gardens were compared, carrying out a SWOT analysis to understand good practices and aspects to improve.
The Ajuda Botanical Garden, the first Portuguese botanic garden, opened in 1768, and the Lisbon Botanical Garden, opened in 1878, represent a part of the history of science in Portugal. The first, founded to serve the education of princes, went through several phases during its history, changing from an important scientific center at the national and European levels to a forgotten and degraded garden. Due to its protection, it was possible to recover, in the nineties of the 20th century, the scientific and recreational function that it once had. It is classified as a Imóvel de Interesse Público (Property of Public Interest). The second, created to serve the Escola Politécnica de Lisboa for teaching botany, had a turbulent construction, leading to a delay in its inauguration. Its history is less troubled when compared to the history of the Ajuda Botanical Garden. It was the first botanical garden to be classified as a National Monument in Portugal due to its important scientific collection, its significance as a former science center, and its current ecological function. Our main objective was to answer the research question: what are the heritage management models and how do they impact the heritage dissemination of the gardens under study? To this end, we investigated various aspects of the heritage management of both gardens, including their teams, routines, allocated resources, conservation and maintenance status of spaces and equipment, research projects, and intervention plans for the conservation and rehabilitation of spaces in the garden through direct observation, activity reports, interviews, and readings. In addition to heritage management, the focus was on understanding how the heritage disclosure of these gardens is carried out through the analysis of information disseminated in different formats (such as flyers, gardens’ signposts, virtual visits, websites) and understanding environmental education plans. Subsequently, the management and heritage dissemination of the gardens were compared, carrying out a SWOT analysis to understand good practices and aspects to improve.
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Conservação Divulgação patrimonial Jardim botânico Jardim histórico Salvaguarda Conservation Heritage dissemination Botanic garden Historic garden Safeguarding