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O governo da justiça : o Conselho Superior da Magistratura
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O Conselho Superior da Magistratura (CSM), enquanto instituição de governo do poder
judicial, desempenha um papel central na democracia portuguesa. Estudado
maioritariamente sob a perspectiva jurídica, este Conselho, tal como todo o sistema de
justiça, reclama hoje um olhar atento da ciência política. Nesta Dissertação principia-se
com um estudo comparativo entra as diferentes soluções de governo da justiça
europeias. Procurando isolar variáveis foram analisados os sistemas de Espanha,
França, Alemanha e Inglaterra. Seguidamente, e tendo em conta o momento crítico da
transição para a democracia, analisa-se o lugar do CSM na constituição daí resultante,
acompanhando a sua evolução até aos dias de hoje. Finalmente, procede-se à
caraterização prosopográfica da elite de juízas e juízes que ocuparam os lugares do
CSM ao longo destes 40 anos.
Os resultados obtidos no estudo comparado, vêm confirmar que estando garantida a
liberdade individual de cada juíza ou juiz no ato de julgar, a forma de governo da
justiça parece definitivamente configurar um campo em aberto. Mais do que um
modelo ideal, estes órgãos são o resultado de autênticas complementaridades
institucionais. A análise histórica demonstra que no poder judicial, a transição
decorreu de forma pacífica e consensual, traduzindo-se num ganho progressivo de
autonomia externa da magistratura ao longo destes 40 anos. O estudo da elite judicial
pertencente ao CSM veio revelar uma uniformidade com poucas variações. Neste
momento, os membros do conselho privilegiam o princípio da independência,
verificando-se uma certa desconfiança entre o poder político e o poder judicial.
The Superior Council of Judiciary (CSM) plays a central role in the Portuguese democracy. Mostly studied from the legal perspective, this Council as the whole justice system requests a watchful eye of political science. This Dissertation begins with a comparative study between diferent European solutions for the government justice. Seeking to isolate variables, the systems were investigated are Spain, France, Germany and England. Subsequently, taking into account the critical moment of the democratic transition, this Dissertation investigates the place of the CSM in the resulting constitution, following its evolution to the presente day. Finally, a study of the Portuguese judicial elite throughout these 40 years takes place, by making use of the prosopography characterization. The results of the comparative study, confirms that being guaranteed individual freedom of each judge in the act of judging, the institutional configurations of the government of justice appears to constitute an open field. More than an ideal model, these organs are the result of genuine institutional complementarities. Historical analysis shows that when it comes to the judiciary, the transition took place in a peaceful and consensual manner, resulting in a progressive gain of the judiciary external autonomy over these 40 years. The study of judicial elite belonging to the CSM has revealed uniformity with few variations. At this time, the council members favour the principle of independence, and certain distrust between political power and judicial power has been confirmed.
The Superior Council of Judiciary (CSM) plays a central role in the Portuguese democracy. Mostly studied from the legal perspective, this Council as the whole justice system requests a watchful eye of political science. This Dissertation begins with a comparative study between diferent European solutions for the government justice. Seeking to isolate variables, the systems were investigated are Spain, France, Germany and England. Subsequently, taking into account the critical moment of the democratic transition, this Dissertation investigates the place of the CSM in the resulting constitution, following its evolution to the presente day. Finally, a study of the Portuguese judicial elite throughout these 40 years takes place, by making use of the prosopography characterization. The results of the comparative study, confirms that being guaranteed individual freedom of each judge in the act of judging, the institutional configurations of the government of justice appears to constitute an open field. More than an ideal model, these organs are the result of genuine institutional complementarities. Historical analysis shows that when it comes to the judiciary, the transition took place in a peaceful and consensual manner, resulting in a progressive gain of the judiciary external autonomy over these 40 years. The study of judicial elite belonging to the CSM has revealed uniformity with few variations. At this time, the council members favour the principle of independence, and certain distrust between political power and judicial power has been confirmed.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Poder judicial Conselho Superior da Magistratura Elite judicial Magistratura Governo da justiça Judicial power Portuguese judiciary Council Judicial elite Judiciary Justice government