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Catalogação e caraterização taxonómica de espécies da subordem Brachycera (classe Insecta, ordem Diptera) da coleção entomológica do Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical.
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A ordem Diptera (Filo Arthropoda, Classe Insecta) é um grupo extremamente diverso, e está
dividida em duas subordens: a subordem Nematocera, que incluí os mosquitos, e a subordem
Brachycera. A subordem Brachycera é um grupo muito diverso, incluindo mais de 100 mil
espécies já descritas. Os espécimes deste grupo são comumente chamados de moscas. Este
grupo incluí muitas espécies com importância médica, veterinária, sanitária e forense.
Neste trabalho, foi finalizada a catalogação e digitalização dos espécimes de moscas (Ordem
Diptera, Subordem Brachycera) da coleção do Intsituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical
(IHMT). Para tal foi atribuído a cada espécime um número de coleção, os espécimes foram
etiquetados e fotografados. A partir destas fotografias, os dados associados aos espécimes
foram introduzidos na base de dados da coleção. Novos espécimes foram também preparados
e introduzidos na coleção, a partir de novas colheitas e outras amostras recentes, aumentando
assim o número de espécimes da coleção de moscas do IHMT.
A coleção de moscas contava, em maio de 2023, com 1400 exemplares catalogados, dos quais
1249 tinham sido já validados, pertencentes a 30 famílias taxonómicas distintas. A cobertura
temporal da colheita destes espécimes é de 1930 a 2022, sendo o ano de 1981 aquele em que se
regista um maior número de espécimes coletados (251 espécimes registados). Em termos de
cobertura geográfica estão representados 8 países, sendo a sua maioria de Portugal (1214
exemplares). Em Portugal, das várias regiões representadas, o distrito de Faro é o mais
representado (276 exemplares).
O estudo taxonómico desta coleção foi também realizado neste trabalho em que se realizou a
determinação taxonómica sobretudo de espécimes da família Calliphoridae. Relativamente, à
cobertura taxonómica, a família Calliphoridae é atualmente a que tem mais identificações
realizadas, refletindo o esforço de identificação taxonómica desta família ao longo deste estudo.Atualmente existem 158 espécimes atribuídos à família Calliphoridae e 95 à família Muscidae,
no entanto existe ainda um grande número de exemplares apenas identificado até ao nível da
Ordem. Dentro dos espécimes já identificados ao género, o género Lucília é o que conta com
maior número (87 exemplares). A identificação do sexo dos espécimes foi realizada para 291
exemplares, sendo nesses o sexo feminino o que está mais bem representado (186 exemplares).
Ao longo deste trabalho 803 novas identificações taxonómicas foram realizadas, a vários níveis,
desde a identificação da Ordem, até à espécie, com 105 novas identificações ao nível de espécie.
A família Calliphoridae é um grupo que inclui as moscas geralmente chamadas varejeiras, e
encontra-se representada em todo o mundo, com exceção da Antártida. Esta família incluí
diversas espécies de importância médica e veterinária, por serem causadoras de miíases, fatores
de incómodo ou potenciais vetores mecânicos de agentes patogénicos, geralmente através da
contaminação de superfícies e alimentos. Algumas espécies são também de extrema
importância na entomologia forense, sobretudo na determinação do intervalo pós-morte, visto
serem geralmente as primeiras espécies a colonizar corpos em decomposição. Desta forma uma
boa parte do esforço de estudo e identificação taxonómica focou-se neste grupo.
Palavas chave: Diptera, Brachycera, Calliphoridae, coleção entomológica, entomologia médica
e veterinária.
ABST RACT The order Diptera (Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta) is an extremely diverse group, and is divided into two suborders: the suborder Nematocera, which includes mosquitoes, and the suborder Brachycera. The suborder Brachycera is a very diverse group, including more than 100,000 species already described. Specimens in this group are commonly referred to as flies. This group includes many species of medical, veterinary, sanitary, and forensic importance. In this work, the cataloguing and digitization of specimens of flies (Order Diptera, Suborder Brachycera) from the collection of the Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (IHMT) was completed. To this end, each specimen was assigned a collection number, the specimens were tagged and photographed. From these photographs, the data associated with the specimens were entered into the collection's database. New specimens were also prepared and introduced into the collection, from new samples and other recent samples, thus increasing the number of specimens in the IHMT fly collection. The collection of flies had, in May 2023, 1400 catalogued specimens, of which 1249 had already been validated, belonging to 30 different taxonomic families. The time coverage of the collection of these specimens is from 1930 to 2022, with 1981 being the year in which the highest number of collected specimens recorded (251 records). In terms of geographical coverage, 8 countries are represented, but the vast majority of the specimens are from Portugal (1214 records). In Portugal, of the various regions represented, the district of Faro is the most represented (276 records). The taxonomic study of this collection was also carried out in this work, in which the taxonomic determination was carried out, especially of specimens of the family Calliphoridae. Regarding taxonomic coverage, the family Calliphoridae is currently the one with the most identifications, reflecting the effort of taxonomic identification of this family throughout this study. Currently there are 158 specimens attributed to the family Calliphoridae and 95 to the family Muscidae, however there is still a large number of specimens only identified up to the level of the Order. Among the specimens already identified to the genus, the genus Lucilia is the one with the greatest number of specimens (87 records). The sex was identified for 291 specimens, of which the female sex was the best represented (186 specimens). Throughout this work, 803 newtaxonomic identifications were carried out, at various levels, from the identification of the Order to the species, with 105 new identifications at the species level. The family Calliphoridae is a group that includes flies commonly called blowflies, and is represented all over the world, except for Antarctica. This family includes several species of medical and veterinary importance, as they cause myiasis, are nuisance factors or potential mechanical vectors of pathogens, usually through contamination of surfaces and food. Some species are also extremely important in forensic entomology, especially in determining the postmortem interval, as they are usually the first species to colonize decomposing bodies. Thus, a good part of the study and taxonomic identification effort focused on this group. Key words: Diptera, Brachycera, Calliphoridae, entomological collections, medical and veterinary entomology.
ABST RACT The order Diptera (Phylum Arthropoda, Class Insecta) is an extremely diverse group, and is divided into two suborders: the suborder Nematocera, which includes mosquitoes, and the suborder Brachycera. The suborder Brachycera is a very diverse group, including more than 100,000 species already described. Specimens in this group are commonly referred to as flies. This group includes many species of medical, veterinary, sanitary, and forensic importance. In this work, the cataloguing and digitization of specimens of flies (Order Diptera, Suborder Brachycera) from the collection of the Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (IHMT) was completed. To this end, each specimen was assigned a collection number, the specimens were tagged and photographed. From these photographs, the data associated with the specimens were entered into the collection's database. New specimens were also prepared and introduced into the collection, from new samples and other recent samples, thus increasing the number of specimens in the IHMT fly collection. The collection of flies had, in May 2023, 1400 catalogued specimens, of which 1249 had already been validated, belonging to 30 different taxonomic families. The time coverage of the collection of these specimens is from 1930 to 2022, with 1981 being the year in which the highest number of collected specimens recorded (251 records). In terms of geographical coverage, 8 countries are represented, but the vast majority of the specimens are from Portugal (1214 records). In Portugal, of the various regions represented, the district of Faro is the most represented (276 records). The taxonomic study of this collection was also carried out in this work, in which the taxonomic determination was carried out, especially of specimens of the family Calliphoridae. Regarding taxonomic coverage, the family Calliphoridae is currently the one with the most identifications, reflecting the effort of taxonomic identification of this family throughout this study. Currently there are 158 specimens attributed to the family Calliphoridae and 95 to the family Muscidae, however there is still a large number of specimens only identified up to the level of the Order. Among the specimens already identified to the genus, the genus Lucilia is the one with the greatest number of specimens (87 records). The sex was identified for 291 specimens, of which the female sex was the best represented (186 specimens). Throughout this work, 803 newtaxonomic identifications were carried out, at various levels, from the identification of the Order to the species, with 105 new identifications at the species level. The family Calliphoridae is a group that includes flies commonly called blowflies, and is represented all over the world, except for Antarctica. This family includes several species of medical and veterinary importance, as they cause myiasis, are nuisance factors or potential mechanical vectors of pathogens, usually through contamination of surfaces and food. Some species are also extremely important in forensic entomology, especially in determining the postmortem interval, as they are usually the first species to colonize decomposing bodies. Thus, a good part of the study and taxonomic identification effort focused on this group. Key words: Diptera, Brachycera, Calliphoridae, entomological collections, medical and veterinary entomology.
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Palavras-chave
Parasitologia médica Entomologia Coleção entomológica