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Organizações Internacionais de cariz Pós-Colonial: um estudo comparativo entre a CPLP, a Commonwealth e a Francofonia
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Numa ordem internacional focada no multilateralismo e onde as organizações internacionais ocupam um grande destaque, as organizações internacionais de cariz póscolonial servem um papel fundamental dentro da mesma. Estas organizações, que
congregam em si ex-mestres coloniais e as respetivas ex-colónias, têm a grande tarefa de, através da cooperação, centrada em fatores comuns entre os seus estados-membros, como a língua ou a cultura, esbater um legado histórico de colonialismo e de opressão de vários destes Estados. A análise de três destas organizações, a Comunidade de Países de Língua Portuguesa, a Organização Internacional da Francofonia e a Commonwealth of Nations, organizações congregam os antigos impérios coloniais de Portugal, França e Reino Unido, respetivamente. Após uma análise das mesmas, foi possível concluir que, apesar destas organizações possuírem origens diferentes, em muito determinadas pelo tipo de regime e pela forma como foi abordada a questão da descolonização, todas adotaram, na atualidade, objetivos e missões comuns, muito conotadas com a defesa dos valores estabelecidos pela Carta das Nações Unidas. Paralelamente a estes objetivos idílicos, contudo, está o contraste da realidade das organizações e dos seus estados-membros, cuja ação muitas vezes se traduz em violações dos estatutos das organizações a que pertencem. Estas transgressões, de violações de direitos humanos a violações de liberdades individuais e políticas, são abordadas por estas três organizações de formas díspares, com algumas a ceder face a estas pressões, secundarizando os seus objetivos em nome de objetivos paralelos dos estados-membros, enquanto outras aguentam as mesmas e conseguem conservar a sua integridade.
In an international order focused on multilateralism and where international organizations occupy a great prominence, post-colonial international organizations serve a fundamental role within it. These organizations, which bring together former colonial masters and their respective former colonies, have the great task of managing a historical legacy of colonialism and oppression of several of these states through cooperation, centered on common factors among their member states, such as language or culture. The analysis of three of these organizations, the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, the International Organization of the Francophonie and the Commonwealth of Nations, organizations that bring together the former colonial empires of Portugal, France and the United Kingdom, respectively. After an analysis of them, it was possible to conclude that, although these organizations have different origins, largely determined by the type of regime they possessed and the way in which the issue of decolonization was addressed, all of them have adopted, at the present day, common objectives and missions, very connoted with the defense of the values established by the Charter of the United Nations. Parallel to these idyllic goals, however, is the contrast of the reality of organizations and their member states, whose action often translates into violations of the statutes of the organizations to which they belong. These transgressions, from human rights violations to violations of individual and political freedoms, are addressed by these three organizations in disparate ways, with some yielding to these pressures, seconding their goals in the name of parallel goals of member states, while others endure them and manage to preserve their integrity.
In an international order focused on multilateralism and where international organizations occupy a great prominence, post-colonial international organizations serve a fundamental role within it. These organizations, which bring together former colonial masters and their respective former colonies, have the great task of managing a historical legacy of colonialism and oppression of several of these states through cooperation, centered on common factors among their member states, such as language or culture. The analysis of three of these organizations, the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, the International Organization of the Francophonie and the Commonwealth of Nations, organizations that bring together the former colonial empires of Portugal, France and the United Kingdom, respectively. After an analysis of them, it was possible to conclude that, although these organizations have different origins, largely determined by the type of regime they possessed and the way in which the issue of decolonization was addressed, all of them have adopted, at the present day, common objectives and missions, very connoted with the defense of the values established by the Charter of the United Nations. Parallel to these idyllic goals, however, is the contrast of the reality of organizations and their member states, whose action often translates into violations of the statutes of the organizations to which they belong. These transgressions, from human rights violations to violations of individual and political freedoms, are addressed by these three organizations in disparate ways, with some yielding to these pressures, seconding their goals in the name of parallel goals of member states, while others endure them and manage to preserve their integrity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Organizações internacionais Pós-colonialismo CPLP Commonwealth Francofonia International organizations Post-colonialism Francophonie