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A empatia como um "ritual estratégico" na reportagem de guerra: a perspetiva dos enviados especiais da RTP à Ucrânia
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Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a importância que os correspondentes de guerra portugueses concedem à empatia como ferramenta e estratégia, em contexto de reportagem, sobretudo no contacto com vítimas de guerra. Tirando partido do conceito «ritual estratégico» de Tuchman (1972), argumentamos neste relatório de estágio que existe uma prática bem institucionalizada na rotina jornalística e à qual os repórteres de guerra aderem de forma espontânea, a que damos o nome de «ritual estratégico da empatia».
A partir de doze entrevistas semi-estruturadas a enviados especiais da RTP à Ucrânia e fronteiras com a Polónia, Roménia e Moldova, concluímos que os jornalistas potencializam, junto das vítimas de guerra, duas dimensões da empatia: a comportamental e a cognitiva. No contexto jornalístico, a empatia é entendida, primeiro, como uma ferramenta de comunicação verbal e não verbal que permite criar uma relação de
cooperação, confiança e respeito entre o jornalista e as fontes, sobretudo civis. Através de uma série de procedimentos, que formam este «ritual», os jornalistas conseguem compreender as emoções e os comportamentos dos entrevistados, mediatizados na fase de produção. Graças a este trabalho prévio, assente na empatia, os jornalistas cumprem uma prática já estudada por Karin Wahl-Jorgensen (2013), conhecida como «ritual estratégico da emocionalidade». Desta feita, constroem reportagens de guerra a partir de
histórias personalizadas e de interesse humano, que incluem a narração das emoções dos protagonistas da peça. Ao fazê-lo, um grande acontecimento como a Guerra na Ucrânia é entendido pelo público, em parte, à luz de uma experiência individual, o que, para os repórteres da RTP, combate a indiferença, a fadiga de guerra e gera interesse.
This paper aims to evaluate the importance that Portuguese war correspondents give to empathy as a tool and strategy in the report alongside war victims. Taking advantage of Gaye Tuchamn’s (1972) notion of the concept “strategic ritual”, we argue in this internship report that there is a well institutionalized practice in the journalistic routine, to which war reporters spontaneously accomplish, which we call "strategic ritual of empathy". Based on twelve semi-structured interviews with RTP special envoys to Ukraine and its borders with Poland, Romania and Moldova, we conclude that journalists explore, with war victims, two dimensions of empathy: the behavioural and the cognitive. In Journalism, empathy is understood, firstly, as a verbal and non-verbal communication tool journalists use for building a relationship based on cooperation, trust, and respect with the sources, especially civilians. Through a series of procedures, which form this "ritual", journalists are able to understand the emotions and behaviours of the interviewees, mediated to the public. Thanks to this previous work, based on empathy, journalists fulfil a practice already studied by Karin Wahl-Jorgensen (2013), known as the "strategic ritual of emotionality". In this way, reporters build war reports from personalized and human-interest stories, including the narration of the protagonists’ emotions. By doing so, a major event like the war in Ukraine is understood, in some way, by the public in the light of an individual experience, which, for RTP reporters, combats indifference, war fatigue and creates interest.
This paper aims to evaluate the importance that Portuguese war correspondents give to empathy as a tool and strategy in the report alongside war victims. Taking advantage of Gaye Tuchamn’s (1972) notion of the concept “strategic ritual”, we argue in this internship report that there is a well institutionalized practice in the journalistic routine, to which war reporters spontaneously accomplish, which we call "strategic ritual of empathy". Based on twelve semi-structured interviews with RTP special envoys to Ukraine and its borders with Poland, Romania and Moldova, we conclude that journalists explore, with war victims, two dimensions of empathy: the behavioural and the cognitive. In Journalism, empathy is understood, firstly, as a verbal and non-verbal communication tool journalists use for building a relationship based on cooperation, trust, and respect with the sources, especially civilians. Through a series of procedures, which form this "ritual", journalists are able to understand the emotions and behaviours of the interviewees, mediated to the public. Thanks to this previous work, based on empathy, journalists fulfil a practice already studied by Karin Wahl-Jorgensen (2013), known as the "strategic ritual of emotionality". In this way, reporters build war reports from personalized and human-interest stories, including the narration of the protagonists’ emotions. By doing so, a major event like the war in Ukraine is understood, in some way, by the public in the light of an individual experience, which, for RTP reporters, combats indifference, war fatigue and creates interest.
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Empatia Jornalismo emocional Trabalho emocional Jornalismo de guerra Crises humanitárias Correspondentes de guerra Empty Emotional journalism Emotional labour Warfare journalism Humanitarian crisis War correspondents