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Perceção da Comunidade Escolar sobre Prevenção, Risco e Combate dos Incêndios Rurais (Moimenta da Beira, 2022/2023)
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O fogo tem marcado, durante milhões de anos, as nossas paisagens, o nosso território e a nossa própria identidade enquanto seres humanos. No entanto, o seu descontrolo tem igualmente marcado a nossa História e vindo a constituir um dos desafios ambientais mais significativos do nosso país: os incêndios rurais. A sociedade atual confronta-se com riscos que trazem alguma vulnerabilidade ao território, o que torna cada vez mais importante trabalhar estas problemáticas. Com as alterações climáticas, prevê-se que eventos extremos, tais como ondas de calor, se tornem gradualmente naquilo que será o novo normal, o que enfatiza a importância de tomar medidas como o reforço da educação direcionada para o risco de incêndio. Esta dissertação pretende compreender a perceção da comunidade escolar sobre prevenção, risco e combate dos incêndios rurais. Desenvolveu-se um estudo de caso, procurando responder ao objetivo geral proposto e aplicando-o junto da comunidade escolar da Escola Secundária / 3 Dr. Joaquim Dias Rebelo, em Moimenta da Beira, uma zona considerada de elevado risco de incêndio em Portugal. Este estudo, essencialmente de carácter qualitativo, recorreu à realização de entrevistas e focus group com alunos/as e professores, integrantes desta comunidade escolar. Esta abordagem permitiu captar o conhecimento que os/as alunos/as possuem dos incêndios rurais em Portugal, e a sua visão e emoções acerca do fogo. As perceções são, muitas vezes, desencadeadoras de ações, o que torna importante compreendê-las para futuras estratégias de gestão do território, no que aos incêndios rurais diz respeito. Permitiu ainda uma visão geral da problemática do fogo, através de um enquadramento conceptual, complementado pela sua parte empírica: os testemunhos reais de alunos/as que já vivenciaram esta realidade e que, por esse motivo, têm uma visão pessoal do fogo e do seu descontrolo. Estes relatos valiosos podem ser considerados para a reformulação da Educação Ambiental em Portugal, que deve ser reajustada de acordo com as especificidades de cada território.
For millions of years, fire has marked our landscapes, our territory and our very identity as human beings. However, its lack of control has also marked our History and has constituted for one of the most significant environmental challenges in our country: rural fires. Today's society is faced with risks that bring some vulnerability to the territory, which makes it increasingly important to work on these issues. With climate change, extreme events such as heat waves are expected to gradually become the new normal, which emphasizes the importance of taking measures such as reinforcing risk-based education. This dissertation aims to understand the school community's perception of preventing, risking and combating rural fires. A case study was developed, seeking to respond to the proposed general objective and applying it to the school community of Escola Secundária / 3 Dr. Joaquim Dias Rebelo, in Moimenta da Beira, an area considered to be at high fire risk in Portugal. This study, essentially of a qualitative nature, used interviews and focus groups with students and teachers, members of this school community. This approach made possible to capture the knowledge that students have about rural fires in Portugal, and their vision and emotions about fire. Perceptions often trigger actions, which makes it important to understand them for future territorial management strategies, regarding rural fires. This approach allows a general view of the problem, through a conceptual framework, complemented by its empirical part: the real testimonies of students who have already experienced this reality and who, for this reason, have a personal vision of fire and its lack of control. These valuable reports can be considered for the reformulation of Environmental Education in Portugal, which must be readjusted according to the specificities of each territory.
For millions of years, fire has marked our landscapes, our territory and our very identity as human beings. However, its lack of control has also marked our History and has constituted for one of the most significant environmental challenges in our country: rural fires. Today's society is faced with risks that bring some vulnerability to the territory, which makes it increasingly important to work on these issues. With climate change, extreme events such as heat waves are expected to gradually become the new normal, which emphasizes the importance of taking measures such as reinforcing risk-based education. This dissertation aims to understand the school community's perception of preventing, risking and combating rural fires. A case study was developed, seeking to respond to the proposed general objective and applying it to the school community of Escola Secundária / 3 Dr. Joaquim Dias Rebelo, in Moimenta da Beira, an area considered to be at high fire risk in Portugal. This study, essentially of a qualitative nature, used interviews and focus groups with students and teachers, members of this school community. This approach made possible to capture the knowledge that students have about rural fires in Portugal, and their vision and emotions about fire. Perceptions often trigger actions, which makes it important to understand them for future territorial management strategies, regarding rural fires. This approach allows a general view of the problem, through a conceptual framework, complemented by its empirical part: the real testimonies of students who have already experienced this reality and who, for this reason, have a personal vision of fire and its lack of control. These valuable reports can be considered for the reformulation of Environmental Education in Portugal, which must be readjusted according to the specificities of each territory.
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Palavras-chave
Educação ambiental Fogo Incêndios rurais Moimenta da Beira Risco Environmental education Fire Rural fires Risk