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Relatório de Estágio Curricular no Juízo Central Criminal de Lisboa - A Nova Lei da Droga: A Descriminalização do Consumo de Estupefacientes, independentemente Quantidade. Interpretação da Lei e Implicações Práticas
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O relatório de estágio que se desenvolveu é o resultado de quatro meses de estágio no Juízo Central Criminal de Lisboa. Inicialmente, é feito um enquadramento do tribunal, das atividades realizadas durante o estágio, da criminalidade que se apurou ser predominante e, por último, descreve-se sumariamente alguns casos que, por terem alguma particularidade, consideraram-se mais relevantes. O tema que serviu de base ao trabalho de investigação consiste na aprovação da Lei n.º 55/2023, de 8 de setembro, que procede à alteração do art. 40.º do DL n.º 15/93 e art. 2.º da Lei n.º 30/2000, relativos ao consumo, detenção e aquisição, para consumo próprio, de estupefacientes e substâncias psicotrópicas. Começa-se por expor a evolução histórica e legislativa do fenómeno das drogas em Portugal, chegando-se ao modelo atualmente vigente de descriminalização do consumo de estupefacientes, introduzido pela Lei n.º 30/2000. Antes de se analisar com
detalhe as razões que levaram à adoção deste modelo e as suas implicações práticas, procede-se a uma breve análise das restantes opções de regulação legal das drogas. Posteriormente, uma vez que a redação da Lei n.º 30/2000 demonstrou-se dúbia, analisa-se o acórdão de fixação de jurisprudência n.º 8/2008 que firmou a interpretação a dar àquela lei. Após 15 anos de aplicação da lei em conformidade com o entendimento
sufragado no AUJ, é aprovada a Lei n.º 55/2023, cuja redação suscitou dúvidas e alguma indignação, nomeadamente, no seio da comunidade jurídica. Assim, expõe-se a ratio desta alteração legislativa e procura-se responder às várias questões que a redação dos artigos 40.º, n.os 3 e 4 (do DL 15/93) e 2.º, n.os 2 e 3 (da Lei 30/2000) tem suscitado: se respeita os princípios da legalidade e tipicidade; se estabelece uma presunção de tráfico; se consagra uma inversão do ónus da prova, violando os princípios da presunção de inocência e do acusatório; se a nova redação da lei interfere com o princípio da livre apreciação da prova. Faz-se, ainda, referência a acórdãos nos quais se aplicou ou suscitou a aplicação da nova lei da droga e enunciam-se algumas preocupações e consequências práticas da sua vigência. Por fim, é analisada a aplicação no tempo da Lei n.º 55/2023.
This internship report is the result of four months of internship at the Lisbon Central Criminal Court. It begins with an overview of the court, the activities carried out during the internship, the criminality that was found to be predominant and, finally, a brief description of some cases that, due to their particularities, were considered more relevant. The topic that served as the basis for the research work is the approval of Law no. 55/2023, of 8 September, which amends article 40 of Decree-Law no. 15/93 and article 2 of Law no. 30/2000, regarding to the consumption, possession and acquisition of narcotics and psychotropic substances for personal use. Initially is presenting the historical and legislative evolution of the drugs phenomenon in Portugal, arriving at the current model of decriminalization of drug consumption, introduced by Law no. 30/2000. Before analysing in detail the reasons that led to the adoption of this model and its practical implications, a brief analysis of the other options for legal regulation of drugs is made. Subsequently, since the wording of Law no. 30/2000 proved to be dubious, is analysed the case law decision no. 8/2008, which established the interpretation to be given to that law. After 15 years of applying the law in accordance with the understanding supported by the Supreme Court, Law no. 55/2023 is approved, which wording has raised doubts and some indignation, particularly within the legal community. The rationale behind this legislative change is set out and an attempt is made to answer the various questions that the wording of Article 40(3) and (4) (of Decree-Law no. 15/93) and Article 2(2) and (3) (of Law no. 30/2000) has raised: whether it respects the principles of legality and typicity; whether it establishes a presumption of drug trafficking; whether it enshrines a reversal of the burden of proof, violating the principles of the presumption of innocence and the accusatory system; whether the new wording of the law interferes with the principle of the free assessment of evidence. Reference is also made to judgements in which the application of the new drugs law was applied or raised, and some of the concerns and practical consequences of its application are stated. Finally, the application of Law 55/2023 over time is analysed.
This internship report is the result of four months of internship at the Lisbon Central Criminal Court. It begins with an overview of the court, the activities carried out during the internship, the criminality that was found to be predominant and, finally, a brief description of some cases that, due to their particularities, were considered more relevant. The topic that served as the basis for the research work is the approval of Law no. 55/2023, of 8 September, which amends article 40 of Decree-Law no. 15/93 and article 2 of Law no. 30/2000, regarding to the consumption, possession and acquisition of narcotics and psychotropic substances for personal use. Initially is presenting the historical and legislative evolution of the drugs phenomenon in Portugal, arriving at the current model of decriminalization of drug consumption, introduced by Law no. 30/2000. Before analysing in detail the reasons that led to the adoption of this model and its practical implications, a brief analysis of the other options for legal regulation of drugs is made. Subsequently, since the wording of Law no. 30/2000 proved to be dubious, is analysed the case law decision no. 8/2008, which established the interpretation to be given to that law. After 15 years of applying the law in accordance with the understanding supported by the Supreme Court, Law no. 55/2023 is approved, which wording has raised doubts and some indignation, particularly within the legal community. The rationale behind this legislative change is set out and an attempt is made to answer the various questions that the wording of Article 40(3) and (4) (of Decree-Law no. 15/93) and Article 2(2) and (3) (of Law no. 30/2000) has raised: whether it respects the principles of legality and typicity; whether it establishes a presumption of drug trafficking; whether it enshrines a reversal of the burden of proof, violating the principles of the presumption of innocence and the accusatory system; whether the new wording of the law interferes with the principle of the free assessment of evidence. Reference is also made to judgements in which the application of the new drugs law was applied or raised, and some of the concerns and practical consequences of its application are stated. Finally, the application of Law 55/2023 over time is analysed.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Juízo Central Criminal de Lisboa estágio tribunal coletivo Lei de Combate à Droga consumo de estupefacientes descriminalização contraordenação Lisbon Central Criminal Court internship collective court anti-drugs law drug use decriminalization administrative offence