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Conflito constitucional entre o segredo de Estado e o direito de defesa do arguido no Processo Penal
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O propósito desta dissertação é, através de recurso a uma análise dos artigos da Lei do Segredo de Estado, nomeadamente o artigo12ºnº4, da Constituição da República, do Código Penal Português bem como de preceitos normativos contidos em diplomas avulsos com referência ao segredo de Estado, tecer argumentos no sentido de propor uma resposta à questão que subjaz ao título do presente trabalho; em caso de colisão entre os interesses do Estado, devidamente classificados como segredo de Estado e os interesses dos cidadãos amparados por toda a arquitetura constitucional, qual é que deve prevalecer? E se esse conflito se verificar no âmbito de um processo de natureza penal, onde por norma, quase sempre, o que está em causa é a liberdade do indivíduo? À partir de uma crítica acirrada, porém rigorosa, buscamos expor a exiguidade constitucional da figura do segredo de Estado em face a sua terminante importância no normal funcionamento das estruturas soberanas do Estado de direito democrático, pugnando à favor da sua mais exaustiva referência a nível da magna lei, em sede de uma próxima revisão constitucional. Buscamos também ao longo do presente trabalho dissertar sobre os fundamentos da admissibilidade de um regime de segredo, num sistema jurídico-político onde, derivados às convicções acoplados aos fundamentos ideológicos que o sustentam, máxima observância são devidos à princípios diametralmente opostas, designadamente o da transparência, da publicidade e do livre acesso às informações públicas. É nesta senda que elegemos num primeiro momento, o interesse coletivo, expressão da vontade popular, como o princípio legitimador das exceções constitucionais ás normas consagradoras de DLG e, num segundo momento, a dignidade da pessoa humana como o seu limite intransponível. Propomos também abordar alguns aspetos da Lei do segredo de Estado e a classificação, opsis legis, como segredo de Estado, os documentos e informações no âmbito do Sistema Integrado de Informações da República Portuguesa, para no final, mediante um hipotético caso prático, identificarmos a eventual colisão constitucional entre o segredo de Estado e o direito de defesa do arguido no Processo Penal.
The purpose of this dissertation is, through an analysis of the articles of the State Secrecy Law, namely article 12º nº4, of the Constitutionof theRepublic, of the Portuguese Penal Code, as well as normative precepts contained in separate diplomas with reference to the secrecy of State, weave arguments in order to propose an answer to the question that underlies the title of this work; in the event of a collision between the interests of the State, duly classified as a State secret, and the interests of citizens supported by the entire constitutional architecture, which should prevail? What if this conflict takes place within the scope of a criminal proceeding, where, as a rule, almost always, what is at stake is the freedom of the individual? From a fierce but rigorous criticism, we seek to expose the constitutional exiguity of the State secret figure in view of its decisive importance in the normal functioning of the sovereign structures of the democratic State of law, fighting in favor of its most exhaustive reference in terms of magna lei, in the context of a forthcoming constitutional revision. We also seek throughout this work to discuss the fundamentals of the admissibility of a regime of secrecy, inalegal-political system where, derived from the convictions coupled with the ideological foundations that support it, maximum observance are due to diametrically opposed principles, namely that of transparency, advertising and free access to public information. It is on this path that we choose, firstly, the collective interest, an expression of the popular will, as the legitimizing principle of constitutional exceptions to the norms enshrining rights, freedoms and guarantees and, secondly, the dignity of the human person as its insurmountable limit. We also propose to address some aspects of the Law of State secrecy and the classification as State secret, of documents and information within the scope of the Integrated Information System of the Portuguese Republic, so that in the end, through a hypothetical practical case, we can identify the possible constitutional collision between State secrecy and the defendant's right to defense in criminal proceedings.
The purpose of this dissertation is, through an analysis of the articles of the State Secrecy Law, namely article 12º nº4, of the Constitutionof theRepublic, of the Portuguese Penal Code, as well as normative precepts contained in separate diplomas with reference to the secrecy of State, weave arguments in order to propose an answer to the question that underlies the title of this work; in the event of a collision between the interests of the State, duly classified as a State secret, and the interests of citizens supported by the entire constitutional architecture, which should prevail? What if this conflict takes place within the scope of a criminal proceeding, where, as a rule, almost always, what is at stake is the freedom of the individual? From a fierce but rigorous criticism, we seek to expose the constitutional exiguity of the State secret figure in view of its decisive importance in the normal functioning of the sovereign structures of the democratic State of law, fighting in favor of its most exhaustive reference in terms of magna lei, in the context of a forthcoming constitutional revision. We also seek throughout this work to discuss the fundamentals of the admissibility of a regime of secrecy, inalegal-political system where, derived from the convictions coupled with the ideological foundations that support it, maximum observance are due to diametrically opposed principles, namely that of transparency, advertising and free access to public information. It is on this path that we choose, firstly, the collective interest, an expression of the popular will, as the legitimizing principle of constitutional exceptions to the norms enshrining rights, freedoms and guarantees and, secondly, the dignity of the human person as its insurmountable limit. We also propose to address some aspects of the Law of State secrecy and the classification as State secret, of documents and information within the scope of the Integrated Information System of the Portuguese Republic, so that in the end, through a hypothetical practical case, we can identify the possible constitutional collision between State secrecy and the defendant's right to defense in criminal proceedings.
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segredo de Estado direito fundamental à informação pública direito de defesa do arguido Dignidade da Pessoa Humana Interesse coletivo Supremos interesses do Estado Right to public information Dignity of the human person Right to the defense of the accused State secrecy Supreme interests of the State