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The COVID-19 pandemic and the EU "Strategic Autonomy": A Critical Appraisal
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As epidemias e pandemias têm um grande impacto na sociedade, tanto em custos para o sistema de saúde, como em perda de produtividade, crises económicas, perturbação social e impacto geopolítico. Em 2020, a pandemia de doença provocada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) não foi exceção, e ao impacto a nível de saúde pública na União Europeia, juntaram-se os impactos social, económico e político, que vieram expôr a vulnerabilidade de uma União Europeia interdependente no atual mundo em globalização. Esta problemática remete para o debate sobre o conceito (e potencial concretização) de autonomia estratégica da União Europeia, ou seja, a sua capacidade de tomar decisões de forma autónoma (conceito desafiante face à realidade da União Europeia não ser um estado), bem como a sua implementação, tradicionalmente
associado aos domínios da segurança/defesa, mas cada vez mais a englobar um leque abrangente de vertentes, como saúde, indústria, economia e política. Perante a pandemia de COVID-19 e o seu impacto na União Europeia, urgia compreender o impacto da mesma numa potencial autonomia estratégica da União Europeia, a nível político, durante o ano de 2020. Para tal, realizou-se um estudo de caso, com pesquisa
documental e bibliográfica exploratória-descritiva e subsequente síntese e análise da evidência. Concluiu-se que a pandemia de COVID-19 contribuiu para a modernização do conceito de autonomia estratégica da União Europeia, que passou a ter um cariz mais abrangente e holístico e a englobar ambições políticas complexas, ao demonstrar a importância da saúde como determinante do desenvolvimento social e económico globais. Apesar de uma resposta inicial insuficiente por parte da União Europeia, durante o ano de 2020 esta acabou por contribuir para a autonomia estratégica da mesma, ao reforçar os seus poderes e ambições, com grande foco na defesa do multilateralismo. Esta dissertação defende que será através do multilateralismo que a União conseguirá aplicar os seus princípios-chave de solidariedade global, cooperação e prosperidade económica, e assim tornar-se um ator mais autónomo e competitivo nas relações internacionais.
Epidemics and pandemics have a major impact on society, both in terms of costs to the healthcare system, loss of productivity, economic crises, social disruption and geopolitical impact. In 2020, the disease pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) was no exception, and the public health impact in the European Union was compounded by social, economic and political impacts, which exposed the vulnerability of an interdependent European Union in today's globalizing world. This problem leads to the debate on the concept (and potential achievement) of strategic autonomy of the European Union, i.e. its ability to make decisions autonomously (a challenging concept given the reality that the European Union is not a state), as well as its implementation, traditionally associated with the areas of security/defense, but increasingly encompassing a wide range of aspects, such as health, industry, economy and politics. Given the pandemic of COVID-19 and its impact on the European Union, there was an urgent need to understand its impact on a potential strategic autonomy of the European Union at the political level during the year 2020. To this end, a case study was conducted, with exploratory-descriptive documentary and literature research and subsequent synthesis and analysis of the evidence. It was concluded that the pandemic of COVID-19 contributed to the modernization of the concept of strategic autonomy of the European Union, which now has a more comprehensive and holistic nature and encompasses complex political ambitions, by demonstrating the importance of health as a determinant of global social and economic development. Despite an insufficient initial response by the European Union, during 2020 it ended up contributing to its strategic autonomy by strengthening its powers and ambitions, with a strong focus on defending multilateralism. This dissertation argues that it will be through multilateralism that the Union will be able to apply its key principles of global solidarity, cooperation and economic prosperity, and thus become a more autonomous and competitive actor in international relations.
Epidemics and pandemics have a major impact on society, both in terms of costs to the healthcare system, loss of productivity, economic crises, social disruption and geopolitical impact. In 2020, the disease pandemic caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) was no exception, and the public health impact in the European Union was compounded by social, economic and political impacts, which exposed the vulnerability of an interdependent European Union in today's globalizing world. This problem leads to the debate on the concept (and potential achievement) of strategic autonomy of the European Union, i.e. its ability to make decisions autonomously (a challenging concept given the reality that the European Union is not a state), as well as its implementation, traditionally associated with the areas of security/defense, but increasingly encompassing a wide range of aspects, such as health, industry, economy and politics. Given the pandemic of COVID-19 and its impact on the European Union, there was an urgent need to understand its impact on a potential strategic autonomy of the European Union at the political level during the year 2020. To this end, a case study was conducted, with exploratory-descriptive documentary and literature research and subsequent synthesis and analysis of the evidence. It was concluded that the pandemic of COVID-19 contributed to the modernization of the concept of strategic autonomy of the European Union, which now has a more comprehensive and holistic nature and encompasses complex political ambitions, by demonstrating the importance of health as a determinant of global social and economic development. Despite an insufficient initial response by the European Union, during 2020 it ended up contributing to its strategic autonomy by strengthening its powers and ambitions, with a strong focus on defending multilateralism. This dissertation argues that it will be through multilateralism that the Union will be able to apply its key principles of global solidarity, cooperation and economic prosperity, and thus become a more autonomous and competitive actor in international relations.
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União Europeia Autonomia estratégica COVID-19 Multilateralismo European Union Strategic autonomy Multilateralism