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O legado do regime autoritário na direita radical: o caso do Chega
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O Chega - partido populista de direita radical - tem vindo a ganhar relevância no cenário político português, afirmando-se com um discurso antissistema e legitimando posições até agora desconsideradas pelos restantes partidos de direita. A sua rápida ascensão coloca Portugal a par dos restantes países europeus no que toca ao fenómeno populista. O impacto destas forças políticas sobre as democracias representativas tem suscitado preocupações, sobretudo pelo facto de defenderem valores autoritários e uma forte concentração de poderes, bem como o enfraquecimento do estado de direito. Esta investigação pretende, através duma análise qualitativa, clarificar a hipotética relação entre o Estado Novo e o Chega, procurando contrastes e paralelismos entre os dois projetos políticos. Para isto, o estudo começa por fazer uma contextualização histórica que revisita os principais regimes autoritários europeus do século XX, bem como o surgimento e evolução dos partidos populistas da direita radical. De seguida analisa-se o caso português, examinando o regime salazarista e o partido Chega sob os mesmos parâmetros – as políticas socioculturais e económicas, as reformas do sistema político e o papel do líder. Os resultados da investigação revelam que o Chega recupera, de facto, alguns traços característicos do Estado Novo, mas não os suficientes para poder ser considerado um herdeiro político do regime salazarista. Não defendendo a ditadura que governou Portugal durante 41 anos, mas querendo colocar um fim ao sistema criado pela Revolução de 25 de abril de 1974, o Chega propõe-se dar início à IV República, prometendo empreender um projeto de regeneração nacional capaz de retomar o percurso digno da História de Portugal, segundo ele, interrompido pela Revolução dos Cravos.
The Chega party - a radical right-wing populist party - has been gaining relevance in the Portuguese political scene, asserting itself with an anti-system discourse and legitimizing positions previously disregarded by other right-wing parties. Its fast rise puts Portugal in line with other European countries regarding the populist phenomenon. The impact of these political forces on representative democracies has raised concerns, especially due to their advocacy of authoritarian values and a strong concentration of powers, as well as the weakening of the rule of law. This research aims to, through a qualitative analysis, elucidate the hypothetical relationship between the Estado Novo and Chega, seeking contrasts and parallels between the two political projects. To achieve this, the study begins by providing a historical context, revisiting the main authoritarian regimes in 20th-century Europe, as well as the emergence and evolution of radical right-wing populist parties. Subsequently, the Portuguese case is examined, scrutinizing the salazarist regime and the Chega party under the same parameters - sociocultural and economic policies, political system reforms, and the role of the leader. The research findings reveal that Chega does indeed retrieve some characteristic traits of the Estado Novo, but not enough to be considered a political heir of the salazarist regime. Without advocating for the dictatorship that governed Portugal for 41 years, yet aiming to put an end to the system created by the April 25, 1974 Revolution, Chega proposes to initiate the IV Republic, promising to embark on a national regeneration project capable of resuming Portugal's dignified historical path, which, according to them, was interrupted by the “Revolução dos Cravos”.
The Chega party - a radical right-wing populist party - has been gaining relevance in the Portuguese political scene, asserting itself with an anti-system discourse and legitimizing positions previously disregarded by other right-wing parties. Its fast rise puts Portugal in line with other European countries regarding the populist phenomenon. The impact of these political forces on representative democracies has raised concerns, especially due to their advocacy of authoritarian values and a strong concentration of powers, as well as the weakening of the rule of law. This research aims to, through a qualitative analysis, elucidate the hypothetical relationship between the Estado Novo and Chega, seeking contrasts and parallels between the two political projects. To achieve this, the study begins by providing a historical context, revisiting the main authoritarian regimes in 20th-century Europe, as well as the emergence and evolution of radical right-wing populist parties. Subsequently, the Portuguese case is examined, scrutinizing the salazarist regime and the Chega party under the same parameters - sociocultural and economic policies, political system reforms, and the role of the leader. The research findings reveal that Chega does indeed retrieve some characteristic traits of the Estado Novo, but not enough to be considered a political heir of the salazarist regime. Without advocating for the dictatorship that governed Portugal for 41 years, yet aiming to put an end to the system created by the April 25, 1974 Revolution, Chega proposes to initiate the IV Republic, promising to embark on a national regeneration project capable of resuming Portugal's dignified historical path, which, according to them, was interrupted by the “Revolução dos Cravos”.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Populismo Direita radical Chega Estado Novo Populism Radical right