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A União Europeia como gestora de crises: análise comparativa da pandemia da Covid-19 e da Guerra na Ucrânia
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A União Europeia é o culminar de um processo de integração e cooperação que teve início com a conjuntura internacional do pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial, em 1951, tendo como objetivo construir um projeto de prosperidade e paz. Todavia, desde a sua criação que tem atravessado diversas crises económicas, institucionais e políticas. Em 2019 foi confrontada com a pandemia da Covid-19, um vírus que não conheceu fronteiras e que desafiou a capacidade de resposta dos Estados-membros em matéria sanitária. Três anos mais tarde, a 24 de fevereiro de 2022, a Ucrânia é invadida pelas forças russas e uma nova crise surge na vizinhança europeia, o que se tornou um teste importante de solidariedade entre os Estados-membros. A presente dissertação compreende uma análise comparativa da resposta da União, nomeadamente do Conselho da UE, a ambas crises, examina a postura dos Estados-membros, as diferenças e as semelhanças das respostas aos dois casos, e demonstra quais as lições aprendidas que evidenciam a capacidade europeia de gestão de crises.
The European Union is the culmination of a process of integration and cooperation that began with the post-World War II international situation in 1951, with the aim of building a project of prosperity and peace. However, since its creation it has gone through several economic, institutional and political crises. In 2019 it was confronted with the Covid-19 pandemic, a virus that knew no borders and challenged member states' ability to respond in health matters. Three years later, on February 24, 2022, Ukraine was invaded by Russian forces and a new crisis arose in the European neighborhood, which became an important test of solidarity between member states. This dissertation comprises a comparative analysis of the Union's response, namely that of the Council of the EU, to both crises, examines the stance of the member states, the differences and similarities in the responses to the two cases, and demonstrates what lessons have been learned that highlight the European capacity for crisis management.
The European Union is the culmination of a process of integration and cooperation that began with the post-World War II international situation in 1951, with the aim of building a project of prosperity and peace. However, since its creation it has gone through several economic, institutional and political crises. In 2019 it was confronted with the Covid-19 pandemic, a virus that knew no borders and challenged member states' ability to respond in health matters. Three years later, on February 24, 2022, Ukraine was invaded by Russian forces and a new crisis arose in the European neighborhood, which became an important test of solidarity between member states. This dissertation comprises a comparative analysis of the Union's response, namely that of the Council of the EU, to both crises, examines the stance of the member states, the differences and similarities in the responses to the two cases, and demonstrates what lessons have been learned that highlight the European capacity for crisis management.
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União Europeia Conselho da União Europeia Covid-19 Guerra na Ucrânia Gestão de crises European Union Council of the European Union Covid-19 War in Ukraine Crisis management