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«todas as festas e gostos converteu em tristes lágrimas» — Paradigmas de nascimentos reais na gravidez e parto de D. Maria (1527-1545), Infanta de Portugal e Princesa das Astúrias
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A presente dissertação pretende responder a um vazio historiográfico sobre o estudo dos nascimentos régios na Península Ibérica de Quinhentos, tomando como objeto de análise a experiência de gravidez e parto de D. Maria (1527-1545), filha de D. João III (1502-1557) e Catarina de Áustria (1507-1578), e consorte de Filipe, príncipe das Astúrias (1527-1598). As circunstâncias que a rodeiam – um cenário singular de tensão
sucessória fundada no esgotamento de herdeiros do reino português – e que a afligem diretamente – a união matrimonial e a criação de um filho com o herdeiro aparente da Monarquia Hispânica –, somadas aos preciosos recursos documentais que reconstituem o seu percurso, justificam a escolha desta figura como protagonista da nossa investigação. Ainda assim, o principal intuito deste trabalho rege-se, tal como o título acusa, na
identificação de paradigmas que refletem um quadro mais alargado dos nascimentos régios, reconstituindo as principais fases biológicas da maternidade – a conceção, a gravidez, o parto e, ainda que com menor expressão, o puerpério –, e enquadrando-as nas diferentes dimensões políticas, culturais, religiosas e sociais de um meio social preciso: o das elites reinantes. Para tal, a edificação desta dissertação, que toma como fontes angulares correspondência epistolar, tratadística obstétrica, recursos iconográficos e a cronística peninsular, baseia-se no confronto entre a experiência de D. Maria e das suas congéneres do meio régio, com incursões no mundo dos Habsburgos e Avis numa constante perspetiva comparada.
The present dissertation aims to respond to a historiographical void on the study of royal births in the Iberian Peninsula of the 15th century, taking as its object of analysis the pregnancy and birth experience of D. Maria (1527-1545), daughter of D. João III (1502-1557) and Catarina of Austria (1507-1578), and consort of Filipe, Prince of Asturias (1527-1598). The circumstances that surround her - a unique scenario of succession strain founded on the exhaustion of heirs of the Portuguese kingdom - and that directly afflict her - the matrimonial union and the conceiving of a child with the apparent heir of the Hispanic Monarchy -, added to the precious documental resources that reconstitute her path, justify the choice of this figure as the protagonist of our research. Even so, the main purpose of this work is governed, as the title accuses, in the identification of paradigms that reflect a broader picture of royal births, reconstituting the main biological phases of maternity – conception, pregnancy, childbirth and, although with less expression, the puerperium –, and framing them in the different political, cultural, religious, and social dimensions of a precise social environment: the reigning elites. To this end, the foundation of this dissertation, which takes as angular sources epistolary correspondence, obstetric treatises, iconographic resources, and peninsular chronicles, is based on the confrontation between the experience of D. Maria and her counterparts in the royal milieu, with incursions into the world of the Habsburgs and Avis in a constant comparative perspective.
The present dissertation aims to respond to a historiographical void on the study of royal births in the Iberian Peninsula of the 15th century, taking as its object of analysis the pregnancy and birth experience of D. Maria (1527-1545), daughter of D. João III (1502-1557) and Catarina of Austria (1507-1578), and consort of Filipe, Prince of Asturias (1527-1598). The circumstances that surround her - a unique scenario of succession strain founded on the exhaustion of heirs of the Portuguese kingdom - and that directly afflict her - the matrimonial union and the conceiving of a child with the apparent heir of the Hispanic Monarchy -, added to the precious documental resources that reconstitute her path, justify the choice of this figure as the protagonist of our research. Even so, the main purpose of this work is governed, as the title accuses, in the identification of paradigms that reflect a broader picture of royal births, reconstituting the main biological phases of maternity – conception, pregnancy, childbirth and, although with less expression, the puerperium –, and framing them in the different political, cultural, religious, and social dimensions of a precise social environment: the reigning elites. To this end, the foundation of this dissertation, which takes as angular sources epistolary correspondence, obstetric treatises, iconographic resources, and peninsular chronicles, is based on the confrontation between the experience of D. Maria and her counterparts in the royal milieu, with incursions into the world of the Habsburgs and Avis in a constant comparative perspective.
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Época Moderna Nascimento D. Maria (1527-1545) História das mulheres Século XVI Península Ibérica Nascimentos reais Gravidez Parto