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Comissão Mundial Independente para os Oceanos: Consciencialização participação públicas
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Em 1995, o oceanógrafo Mário Ruivo e o presidente da Républica Mário Soares, com o aval da UNESCO, fundaram a Comissão Mundial Independente dos Oceanos (CMIO), que juntou peritos independentes (políticos, economistas, juristas, biólogos, diplomatas e ativistas) de todo o mundo. A CMIO dividiu-se em 6 grupos de trabalho e realizou 7 sessões plenárias, com o objetivo de elaborar um relatório independente sobre o estado dos oceanos, a apresentar em 1998, declarado Ano Internacional dos Oceanos pelas Nações Unidas, por sugestão da diplomacia portuguesa. Partindo de um enquadramento histórico da institucionalização das políticas científicas para o mar, e da análise do acervo documental (pouco conhecido e parcialmente tratado) da CMIO, existente na FMSMB, esta dissertação visa caracterizar a atividade da CMIO, com especial ênfase no grupo de Consciencialização e Participação Publica (SGPAP). Transversal a todos os assuntos do oceano, este grupo de estudo, presidido por Sidney Holt, partindo da premissa dos direitos a saber e a ser-se ouvido, refletiu sobre a importância de comunicar e envolver os diferentes públicos-alvo, de forma clara, verdadeira e não alarmista, assumindo a incerteza como parte do processo científico. A CMIO, a EXPO98, a adoção da Convenção do direito do mar, e uma série de iniciativas que aconteceram quase em simultâneo no final do milénio viriam a marcar e transformar profundamente as políticas públicas e a importância dada ao oceano, em Portugal e na Europa. Passados 25 anos da sua apresentação na EXPO 98, o relatório intitulado “O Oceano,
nosso futuro” é ainda hoje uma estratégia atual, à luz dos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável. Preconiza uma visão holística e multissectorial do oceano, assente no diálogo entre as partes e suportada na ciência e na tecnologia, capaz de responder coletivamente aos grandes desafios globais, como sejam as alterações climáticas e a exploração do mar profundo. Rompendo totalmente com a abordagem colonialista e dos descobrimentos, defende-se que a comunicação do tema Oceano deve ser posta no futuro, em função do valor que este representa para a humanidade. A participação pública, com pouca tradição em Portugal, deve
ser fomentada para legitimar processos e consolidar a própria democracia. Todavia é através da literacia do oceano, cuja implementação Portugal tem liderado a nível europeu, e da promoção de uma conectividade forte entre o ser humano e o oceano, que se conseguirá ter uma maior consciência da importância do oceano, suscetível de mudar comportamentos e atitudes, imprescindíveis para o desenvolvimento de um uso são, saudável e sustentável do oceano a médio-longo prazo.
In 1995, the oceanographer Mário Ruivo and the President of the Portuguese Republic Mário Soares, with the backing of UNESCO, founded the Independent World Commission for the Oceans (IWCO), which brought together independent world experts (including politicians, economists, jurists, biologists, diplomats, and activists). IWCO was divided into 6 working groups and held 7 plenary sessions to prepare an independent report on the state of the oceans, to be presented in 1998, declared International Year of the Oceans by the United Nations, from a suggestion of Portuguese diplomacy. This dissertation aims to characterize the activity of IWCO, with particular emphasis on the Public Awareness and Participation (SGPAP) study group. A historical framework of the scientific policies for the sea and an exploratory analysis of IWCO's documentary collection (little known and partially treated) existing in FMSMB was done. From the premise of the right to know and to be heard, the SGPAP group, chaired by Sidney Holt, reflected on the importance of communicating and involving the different target audiences clearly, truthfully, and not alarmist, assuming uncertainty as part of the scientific process. By the end of the millennium, the IWCO, the EXPO98, the Convention on the Law of the Sea adoption, and a series of initiatives that happened almost simultaneously had profoundly marked and transformed public policies and the importance given to the ocean in Portugal and in Europe. After 25 years of its presentation at EXPO98, the report entitled "The Ocean, our future" is still a valuable and updated strategy considering the sustainable development goals. It advocates a holistic and multisectoral view of the ocean, based on dialogue between the parties and supported by science and technology, capable of collectively responding to significant global challenges such as climate change and deep-sea exploration. Breaking entirely with the colonialist and historical discoveries of the XVI century approach, it is argued that Ocean communication should be put in the future, depending on the value that it represents for humanity. Public participation, with little tradition in Portugal, should be encouraged to legitimize processes and consolidate democracy itself. However, it is through ocean literacy, whose implementation Portugal has led at the European level, and the promotion of robust connectivity between the user and the ocean that one will be able to have a greater awareness of the importance of the sea, behavior, and attitudes, essential for the development of a healthy and sustainable use of the ocean in the medium-long term.
In 1995, the oceanographer Mário Ruivo and the President of the Portuguese Republic Mário Soares, with the backing of UNESCO, founded the Independent World Commission for the Oceans (IWCO), which brought together independent world experts (including politicians, economists, jurists, biologists, diplomats, and activists). IWCO was divided into 6 working groups and held 7 plenary sessions to prepare an independent report on the state of the oceans, to be presented in 1998, declared International Year of the Oceans by the United Nations, from a suggestion of Portuguese diplomacy. This dissertation aims to characterize the activity of IWCO, with particular emphasis on the Public Awareness and Participation (SGPAP) study group. A historical framework of the scientific policies for the sea and an exploratory analysis of IWCO's documentary collection (little known and partially treated) existing in FMSMB was done. From the premise of the right to know and to be heard, the SGPAP group, chaired by Sidney Holt, reflected on the importance of communicating and involving the different target audiences clearly, truthfully, and not alarmist, assuming uncertainty as part of the scientific process. By the end of the millennium, the IWCO, the EXPO98, the Convention on the Law of the Sea adoption, and a series of initiatives that happened almost simultaneously had profoundly marked and transformed public policies and the importance given to the ocean in Portugal and in Europe. After 25 years of its presentation at EXPO98, the report entitled "The Ocean, our future" is still a valuable and updated strategy considering the sustainable development goals. It advocates a holistic and multisectoral view of the ocean, based on dialogue between the parties and supported by science and technology, capable of collectively responding to significant global challenges such as climate change and deep-sea exploration. Breaking entirely with the colonialist and historical discoveries of the XVI century approach, it is argued that Ocean communication should be put in the future, depending on the value that it represents for humanity. Public participation, with little tradition in Portugal, should be encouraged to legitimize processes and consolidate democracy itself. However, it is through ocean literacy, whose implementation Portugal has led at the European level, and the promotion of robust connectivity between the user and the ocean that one will be able to have a greater awareness of the importance of the sea, behavior, and attitudes, essential for the development of a healthy and sustainable use of the ocean in the medium-long term.
Descrição
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Palavras-chave
Mar CMIO Comissão Mundial Independente para os Oceanos EXPO98 Desenvolvimento sustentável UNESCO Consciencialização e participação públicas Mário Ruivo Sea IWCO Independent World Commission for the Oceans Sustainable development UNESCO Public awareness and participation