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A relação entre o Irão e a Arábia Saudita: As implicações da rivalidade para a região do Corno de África
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
A rivalidade entre o Irão e a Arábia Saudita tem provocado instabilidade na região do Médio Oriente e, desde o Conflito do Iémen, a mesma tem-se feito sentir na região do Corno de África, levando a um maior envolvimento destes Estados nesta região, nomeadamente em termos securitários. Esta dissertação visa responder à seguinte pergunta: “Quais são as implicações da rivalidade entre o Irão e a Arábia Saudita, para a região do Corno de África?”. A estratégia metodológica do presente estudo é qualitativa, sendo complementada com a abordagem quantitativa de dados secundários, sempre que necessário. A presente dissertação procura compreender as consequências dessa rivalidade argumentando que a mesma tem consequências negativas. No entanto, de forma contraintuitiva, o presente estudo revela que essa rivalidade teve consequências positivas, resultantes do investimento direto estrangeiro e da ajuda ao desenvolvimento aos Estados do Corno de África. Recorrendo ao Realismo Neoclássico, ao Construtivismo e à Teoria dos Complexos de Segurança Regionais, esta dissertação sustenta os argumentos de que a rivalidade entre os dois Estados tem contribuído para a fusão entre os Complexos da Península Arábica e o Complexo do Corno de África, e o aumento do envolvimento dos Estados do Golfo na região do Corno de África contribui negativamente para a inexistência de organismos multilaterais robustos e eficazes, nesta região. Assim, esta dissertação visa contribuir para a literatura já existente sobre o tema, procurando preencher as lacunas existentes na mesma, contribuindo com uma nova perspetiva, utilizando três Teorias das Relações Internacionais e adotando uma abordagem geopolítica, na medida em que esta rivalidade também possui um carácter geopolítico, sendo que o período de análise do presente estudo é, desde o Conflito do Iémen (2015) até 2022.
The rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia has caused instability in the Middle East region and, since the Yemen Conflict, the same has been felt in the Horn of Africa region, leading to a greater involvement of these states in this region, namely in security terms. This dissertation aims to answer the following question: "What are the implications of the rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia, for the Horn of Africa region?". The methodological strategy of the present study is qualitative, and is complemented with the quantitative approach of secondary data where necessary. The present dissertation seeks to understand the consequences of this rivalry by arguing that it has negative consequences. However, counterintuitively, this study reveals that this rivalry has had positive consequences, resulting from foreign direct investment and development aid to the Horn of Africa states. Drawing on Neoclassical Realism, Constructivism and the Theory of Regional Security Complexes, this dissertation supports the arguments that the rivalry between the two states has contributed to the merging of the Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa Complexes, and the increased involvement of the Gulf states in the Horn of Africa region contributes negatively to the lack of robust and effective multilateral bodies in the region. Thus, this dissertation aims to contribute to the existing literature on the subject, seeking to fill the gaps in it, contributing with a new perspective, using three Theories of International Relations and adopting a geopolitical approach, to the extent that this rivalry also has a geopolitical character, and the period of analysis of this study is, since the Yemen Conflict (2015) until 2022.
The rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia has caused instability in the Middle East region and, since the Yemen Conflict, the same has been felt in the Horn of Africa region, leading to a greater involvement of these states in this region, namely in security terms. This dissertation aims to answer the following question: "What are the implications of the rivalry between Iran and Saudi Arabia, for the Horn of Africa region?". The methodological strategy of the present study is qualitative, and is complemented with the quantitative approach of secondary data where necessary. The present dissertation seeks to understand the consequences of this rivalry by arguing that it has negative consequences. However, counterintuitively, this study reveals that this rivalry has had positive consequences, resulting from foreign direct investment and development aid to the Horn of Africa states. Drawing on Neoclassical Realism, Constructivism and the Theory of Regional Security Complexes, this dissertation supports the arguments that the rivalry between the two states has contributed to the merging of the Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa Complexes, and the increased involvement of the Gulf states in the Horn of Africa region contributes negatively to the lack of robust and effective multilateral bodies in the region. Thus, this dissertation aims to contribute to the existing literature on the subject, seeking to fill the gaps in it, contributing with a new perspective, using three Theories of International Relations and adopting a geopolitical approach, to the extent that this rivalry also has a geopolitical character, and the period of analysis of this study is, since the Yemen Conflict (2015) until 2022.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Corno de África Irão Arábia Saudita Relações internacionais Conflito do Iémen Construtivismo Península Arábica Realismo neoclássico Teoria dos Complexos de Segurança Regionais Saudi Arabia Yemen conflict Constructivism Horn of Africa Iran Arabian Peninsula Neoclassical realism Regional Security Complexes Theory