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Autonomia e Religião: experiências migratórias de mulheres muçulmanas sul-asiáticas em Portugal
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A presente dissertação de título “Autonomia e Religião: experiências migratórias de mulheres muçulmanas sul-asiáticas em Portugal”, aborda a relação entre migração, género e religião. O objetivo geral é compreender a relação entre o processo migratório, a religião e a procura por autonomia por parte de mulheres muçulmanas sul-asiáticas, oriundas do Bangladesh e do Paquistão, em Portugal. Desta maneira, foram desenvolvidos os seguintes objetivos específicos: i) compreender como se desenrolou o processo migratório destas mulheres; ii) identificar as razões que levaram à sua migração; iii) analisar o processo de inserção em Portugal, incluindo a participação no mercado de trabalho; iv) analisar as relações transnacionais estabelecidas com o país de
origem e v) perceber de que maneira praticam e vivenciam o Islão em Portugal. O trabalho de campo baseou-se em oito entrevistas semiestruturadas com vista a explorar as histórias migratórias destas mulheres e os seus processos de inserção em Lisboa e no Porto. Através destas, foi possível compreender o processo migratório das interlocutoras, as razões para a migração, como a procura de mais e melhores oportunidades de emprego e o desejo de uma vida diferente. Percebe-se ainda que o processo de inserção em Portugal é considerado complexo, essencialmente devido à barreira linguística existente, que condiciona também a entrada no mercado laboral. Apesar das dificuldades narradas, apresentam-se elementos que facilitam a inserção destas mulheres na sociedade de acolhimento, como as redes migratórias, organizações sociais e culturais, redes de sociabilidade e a existência de uma grande comunidade muçulmana sul-asiática. No que diz respeito ao papel da religião, compreende-se que esta tem um papel de muita relevância na vida das interlocutoras, sendo considerado um modo de vida, cultura e identidade. A religião é praticada a partir da realização de orações, como a salat, no espaço doméstico ou em locais de culto, do jejum no mês do Ramadão, da utilização de vestuário islâmico, especificamente hijab e niqab, da celebração de eventos religiosos, como o eid-ul-fitr e o eid-ul-adha. São ainda admitidas diferenças e adaptações na prática religiosa e em valores culturais e sociais como o casamento, dinâmicas de género e vestuário. De maneira geral, é reconhecida uma procura de autonomia por parte das interlocutoras, através do processo migratório e da prática religiosa, contrariando dessa forma ideias e estereótipos associados às mulheres muçulmanas, de que são sujeitos passivos e submissos a domínios masculinos e a regras religiosas.
This dissertation, entitled "Autonomy and Religion: migratory experiences of South Asian Muslim women in Portugal", deals with the relationship between migration, gender and religion. The overall aim is to understand the relationship between the migration process, religion and the search for autonomy by South Asian Muslim women from Bangladesh and Pakistan in Portugal. In this way, the following specific objectives were developed: i) to understand how the migration process of these women unfolded; ii) to identify the reasons that led to their migration; iii) to analyse the process of integration in Portugal, including participation in the labour market; iv) to analyse the transnational relationships established with the country of origin and v) to understand how they practice and experience Islam in Portugal. The fieldwork was based on eight semi-structured interviews to explore the migratory histories of these women and their processes of integration in Lisbon and Porto. Through these interviews, it was possible to understand the migratory process of the interlocutors, the reasons for migration, such as the search for more and better job opportunities and the desire for a different life. It also emerged that the process of settling in Portugal is considered complex, essentially because of the language barrier, which also affects entry into the labour market. Despite the difficulties reported, there are elements that facilitate the integration of these women into the host society, such as migratory networks, social and cultural organisations, sociability networks and the existence of a large South Asian Muslim community. With regard to the role of religion, it is understood that it plays a very important role in the lives of the interlocutors, being considered a way of life, culture and identity. Religion is practised by performing prayers, such as salat, in the home or in places of worship, fasting in the month of Ramadan, wearing Islamic clothing, specifically hijab and niqab, and celebrating religious events such as eid-ul-fitr and eid-ul-adha. Differences and adaptations in religious practice and cultural and social values such as marriage, gender dynamics and clothing are also recognised. In general, the interlocutors' search for autonomy through the migration process and religious practice is recognised, thus contradicting ideas and stereotypes associated with Muslim women, that they are passive and submissive subjects to male domains and religious rules.
This dissertation, entitled "Autonomy and Religion: migratory experiences of South Asian Muslim women in Portugal", deals with the relationship between migration, gender and religion. The overall aim is to understand the relationship between the migration process, religion and the search for autonomy by South Asian Muslim women from Bangladesh and Pakistan in Portugal. In this way, the following specific objectives were developed: i) to understand how the migration process of these women unfolded; ii) to identify the reasons that led to their migration; iii) to analyse the process of integration in Portugal, including participation in the labour market; iv) to analyse the transnational relationships established with the country of origin and v) to understand how they practice and experience Islam in Portugal. The fieldwork was based on eight semi-structured interviews to explore the migratory histories of these women and their processes of integration in Lisbon and Porto. Through these interviews, it was possible to understand the migratory process of the interlocutors, the reasons for migration, such as the search for more and better job opportunities and the desire for a different life. It also emerged that the process of settling in Portugal is considered complex, essentially because of the language barrier, which also affects entry into the labour market. Despite the difficulties reported, there are elements that facilitate the integration of these women into the host society, such as migratory networks, social and cultural organisations, sociability networks and the existence of a large South Asian Muslim community. With regard to the role of religion, it is understood that it plays a very important role in the lives of the interlocutors, being considered a way of life, culture and identity. Religion is practised by performing prayers, such as salat, in the home or in places of worship, fasting in the month of Ramadan, wearing Islamic clothing, specifically hijab and niqab, and celebrating religious events such as eid-ul-fitr and eid-ul-adha. Differences and adaptations in religious practice and cultural and social values such as marriage, gender dynamics and clothing are also recognised. In general, the interlocutors' search for autonomy through the migration process and religious practice is recognised, thus contradicting ideas and stereotypes associated with Muslim women, that they are passive and submissive subjects to male domains and religious rules.
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Autonomia Religião Migração Mulheres muçulmanas Portugal Ásia do Sul Autonomy Religion Migration Muslim women in Portugal South Asia