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Como o conflito internacional entre a Ucrânia e a Rússia originou um novo fenómeno empresarial: A deslocalização em massa das empresas da Rússia
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O objetivo central desta dissertação consistiu na realização de uma análise do impacto do conflito entre a Ucrânia e a Rússia na origem de um novo fenómeno empresarial, caracterizado pela deslocalização em massa das empresas multinacionais para fora da Rússia. De forma a entender a origem deste acontecimento, foram explorados três argumentos associados às principais motivações para a deslocalização das empresas da Rússia. Em primeiro lugar, foi analisada a forma como a visão da ordem internacional que as empresas defendem, neste caso o Neoliberalismo, influenciou o seu posicionamento perante o conflito russo-ucraniano. Em segundo lugar, foi aprofundada a relação entre as alianças económicas e políticas e as decisões das empresas, no sentido de compreender como essas ligações condicionaram a tomada de decisão de inúmeras multinacionais. Por último, foi examinada a importância da reputação corporativa, sendo que a associação à Rússia comporta riscos reputacionais. Esta investigação baseou-se na metodologia da análise crítica dos comunicados oficiais emitidos por distintas empresas multinacionais. Adicionalmente, foram realizadas três entrevistas com o propósito de destacar os fatores que motivaram a decisão das empresas. Esta análise conjunta revelou como as empresas desempenharam um papel relevante no cenário internacional, agindo como agentes punitivos da Rússia. Isso coloca-as numa posição crucial no Sistema Internacional, contribuindo para a promoção dos princípios políticos e económicos internacionais. Desta dissertação ressaltou ainda que, a decisão de grandes empresas multinacionais se deslocalizarem para fora da Rússia, lhes permitiu alcançar uma melhor reputação.
The main objective of this dissertation was to analyze the impact of the conflict between Ukraine and Russia on the origin of a new business phenomenon, characterized by the mass displacement of multinational companies out of Russia. In order to understand the origin of this event, three arguments associated with the main motivations for the relocation of companies from Russia were explored. Firstly, the way in which the companies' vision of the international order, in this case neoliberalism, influenced their position on the Russian-Ukrainian conflict was analyzed. Secondly, the relationship between economic and political alliances and corporate decisions was explored in depth, in order to understand how these coalitions conditioned the decision-making of numerous multinationals. Finally, the importance of corporate reputation was examined, and the association with Russia entails reputational risks. This research was based on the methodology of critical analysis of official statements issued by different multinational companies. In addition, three interviews were conducted in order to highlight the factors that motivated the companies' decision. This joint analysis revealed how the companies played an important role on the international stage, acting as punitive agents for Russia. This places them in a crucial position in the international system, contributing to the promotion of international political and economic principles. This dissertation has also shown that the decision of large multinational companies to displace outside Russia has enabled them to achieve a better reputation.
The main objective of this dissertation was to analyze the impact of the conflict between Ukraine and Russia on the origin of a new business phenomenon, characterized by the mass displacement of multinational companies out of Russia. In order to understand the origin of this event, three arguments associated with the main motivations for the relocation of companies from Russia were explored. Firstly, the way in which the companies' vision of the international order, in this case neoliberalism, influenced their position on the Russian-Ukrainian conflict was analyzed. Secondly, the relationship between economic and political alliances and corporate decisions was explored in depth, in order to understand how these coalitions conditioned the decision-making of numerous multinationals. Finally, the importance of corporate reputation was examined, and the association with Russia entails reputational risks. This research was based on the methodology of critical analysis of official statements issued by different multinational companies. In addition, three interviews were conducted in order to highlight the factors that motivated the companies' decision. This joint analysis revealed how the companies played an important role on the international stage, acting as punitive agents for Russia. This places them in a crucial position in the international system, contributing to the promotion of international political and economic principles. This dissertation has also shown that the decision of large multinational companies to displace outside Russia has enabled them to achieve a better reputation.
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Rússia Ucrânia Empresas Interdependência Neoliberalismo Alianças Reputação Russia Ukraine Companies Neoliberalism Interdependency Alliances Reputation