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“Solidarisch mit CDS in Portugal”: a atuação internacional da CDU e da Fundação Konrad Adenauer na Democratização Portuguesa
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A Revolução dos Cravos portuguesa, a 25 de Abril de 1974, deu início ao processo de transição democrático português, terminado apenas no verão de 1976, com a tomada de posse do I Governo Constitucional. Ocorrendo em plena Guerra Fria, a transição levantou várias premissas e condicionantes internacionais, captando rapidamente a atenção mundial, e com especial proximidade, a europeia. Com a fortificação das forças de esquerda, por um lado, e a resposta democrática das forças moderadas, por outro, também os dois blocos internacionais se dividiram na prestação de apoio. Rapidamente, e em prol ao tradicional alinhamento português ao bloco ocidental, as potências europeias se apercebem da imperativa necessidade de reforço das forças moderadas e democráticas e, simultaneamente, a consolidação dos recém-formados partidos políticos. Sob estas premissas, a presente dissertação vai-se desenvolver numa análise da atuação e do apoio prestado pela República Federal Alemã, concretamente, as forças democratas-cristãs, representadas pela CDU e a Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), ao processo democrático português e, especificamente, ao partido que melhor representou a ideologia em Portugal, o Centro Democrático Social (CDS). A rápida predisposição dos agentes informais/ agentes não-estatais alemães, vai resultar numa intensa atuação transnacional. Através de um exercício de influência política, de apoios monetários e materiais e um permanente suporte moral e doutrinário, a CDU e a KAS não só se demonstraram essenciais na consolidação do CDS, como um elemento
fundamental para a sua sobrevivência, num período onde todos os partidos não-socialistas sofriam
um notório descrédito e permaneciam num contante risco de ilegalização. Com notória relevância,
os políticos alemães procuraram tomar partido da sua influência política, enquanto um dos mais
bem estabelecidos partidos democratas-cristãos europeus, em benefício do partido português.
Também através dos seus contactos formais internacionais, nomeadamente com a União Europeia
da Democracia Cristã (UEDC), vão agir e manter presente o caso português na agenda política
europeia. Esta constante tentativa de empoderamento político e reforço da estrutura partidária do
CDS, representou, consequentemente, um relevante apoio alemão à democracia portuguesa, numa
fase em que, apenas as forças moderadas pareciam ser as capazes de a defender.
The Portuguese Carnation Revolution, on the 25th of April of 1974, commences the Portuguese democratic transition. This process ended in the summer of 1976 with the election of the 1st Constitutional Government. Arising in the middle of the Cold War, it raised several international questions and constraints, quickly capturing global attention, more especially, the attention of European pears motivated by their proximity to the country. Support was provided by the two international blocs, however in opposite directions. For one coalition the goal was the strengthening of left-wing forces, which led to a robust democratic reaction from the moderated forces. This dissertation provides an analysis of the action and the support provided by the Federal Republic of Germany, taking a deeper look at how the Christian democratic forces, represented by CDU and Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), aided in the formation of the Portuguese democracy. More concretely how the German parties assisted the Centro Democrático Social (CDS), the political party that best ideologically aligns with them in Portugal. The fast commitment of the German non-state/ informal agents resulted in intense international activity. By means of political influence, monetary and material aid, and moral and doctrinal support, CDU and KAS, not only proved to be essential in the consolidation of the Portuguese political party but also a fundamental element for its survival. During this period all non-socialist parties suffered notorious discredit and constant risk of illegalization. Furthermore, German politicians notably used their political influence, as members of one of the most well-established Christian democratic forces, in favour of the Portuguese political party. Through the use of international channels, namely the European Union of the Christian Democrats (EUCD), the German politicians fought for the relevance of the Portuguese case in the European agenda. The persistent attempt at political empowerment and reinforcement of the party structure of CDS signifies the considerable German support to the Portuguese democracy, at a moment in which only the moderate forces seemed capable of sustaining it.
The Portuguese Carnation Revolution, on the 25th of April of 1974, commences the Portuguese democratic transition. This process ended in the summer of 1976 with the election of the 1st Constitutional Government. Arising in the middle of the Cold War, it raised several international questions and constraints, quickly capturing global attention, more especially, the attention of European pears motivated by their proximity to the country. Support was provided by the two international blocs, however in opposite directions. For one coalition the goal was the strengthening of left-wing forces, which led to a robust democratic reaction from the moderated forces. This dissertation provides an analysis of the action and the support provided by the Federal Republic of Germany, taking a deeper look at how the Christian democratic forces, represented by CDU and Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung (KAS), aided in the formation of the Portuguese democracy. More concretely how the German parties assisted the Centro Democrático Social (CDS), the political party that best ideologically aligns with them in Portugal. The fast commitment of the German non-state/ informal agents resulted in intense international activity. By means of political influence, monetary and material aid, and moral and doctrinal support, CDU and KAS, not only proved to be essential in the consolidation of the Portuguese political party but also a fundamental element for its survival. During this period all non-socialist parties suffered notorious discredit and constant risk of illegalization. Furthermore, German politicians notably used their political influence, as members of one of the most well-established Christian democratic forces, in favour of the Portuguese political party. Through the use of international channels, namely the European Union of the Christian Democrats (EUCD), the German politicians fought for the relevance of the Portuguese case in the European agenda. The persistent attempt at political empowerment and reinforcement of the party structure of CDS signifies the considerable German support to the Portuguese democracy, at a moment in which only the moderate forces seemed capable of sustaining it.
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Palavras-chave
CDS CDU Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung UEDC Portugal República Federal Alemã Transição democrática Atuação transnacional Revolução dos Cravos Promoção democrática Apoio político Federal Republic of German Democratic transition Transnational activity Carnation Revolution Democratic promotion Political support