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Expansão urbana & infraestrutura verde: Desafios ao planeamento urbano-ambiental na cidade do Mindelo, ilha São Vicente
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Perante o crescimento das cidades, o ambiente natural tem sido transformado e utilizado no processo de expansão das cidades. A necessidade de infraestruturas verdes é uma das consequências dessa expansão e quando não acompanhada com o devido planeamento sucedem fortes implicações sociais e ambientais que envolvem situações de riscos e vulnerabilidades.
Em Cabo Verde a expansão dos perímetros urbanos é comum em todos os centros urbanos, associada quer a construção legal quer, sobretudo, a ocupações espontâneas.
Neste contexto, esta dissertação tem como tema central a expansão urbana e a infraestrutura verde para a cidade do Mindelo, com o intuito de perceber os problemas e desafios que se colocam ao planeamento urbano-ambiental da cidade perante a forte urbanização. Como resposta a estes desafios pretende evidenciar o potencial e o contributo da infraestrutura verde ao ser integrada nos instrumentos de planeamento
urbano, no sentido de proporcionar uma visão abrangente, estratégica e sustentável da cidade do Mindelo.
Em termos metodológicos foi realizada uma análise bibliográfica e documental que permitiu elaborar o quadro teórico da dissertação, abordando conteúdos relevantes ao tema como o processo de crescimento urbano e a infraestrutura verde, evidenciando os seus inúmeros benefícios ambientais, não só para mitigação dos diversos efeitos decorrentes do processo de urbanização, mas também como estratégia primordial para assegurar a qualidade ambiental e paisagística das cidades. Para apresentação de dados sobre o estudo de caso foram realizadas entrevistas a atores responsáveis pelo planeamento urbano-ambiental da cidade do Mindelo e lançado um inquérito aos residentes nos bairros de Ribeirinha, Vila Nova/ Lombo Tanque, Bela Vista e Ribeira
Bote/Centro, o qual constitui o recorte espacial proposto neste estudo.
Ao analisar o recorte espacial proposto as informações coletadas demostraram que o modelo de planeamento ou de “loteamento“ da cidade do Mindelo não oferece aos seus residentes espaços urbanos (habitação, espaço público, áreas verdes e de lazer) capazes de garantir qualidade de vida à população residente.
Neste sentido, o diagnóstico urbano-ambiental realizado conduziu ao desenvolvimento de uma proposta de áreas verdes em duas escalas: a primeira ao nível do bairro, onde são identificadas áreas com possibilidades para criação de áreas verdes de proximidade, tendo em conta as diferentes soluções de infraestruturas verde; a segunda mais específica apresenta um estudo prévio (esboço) de intervenção na bacia de retenção
Ribeira de Paúl, situado numa das principais linhas de água que drena a cidade.
Faced with the growth of cities, the natural environment has been transformed and used in the process of city expansion. The need for urban green infrastructure is one of the consequences of this expansion and, when not accompanied by proper planning, strong social and environmental implications ensue, involving situations of risk and vulnerabilities. In Cape Verde the expansion of urban perimeters is common in all urban centers, associate want the legal construction wants, above all spontaneous occupations. In this context, this dissertation has as its central theme the urban expansion and the green infrastructure for the city of Mindelo, with the aim of understanding the problems and challenges facing the urban-environmental planning of the city before the strong urbanization. In response to these challenges, it intends to highlight the potential and contribution of green infrastructure by being integrated into the in urban planning instruments, in order to provide a comprehensive, strategic and sustainable vision of the city of Mindelo. In methodological terms, a bibliographical and documental analysis was carried out that allowed the elaboration of the theoretical framework of the dissertation, approaching the relevant contents to the theme as the process of urban growth and green infrastructure, highlighting its numerous environmental benefits, not only to mitigate the various effects arising from the urbanization process, but also as a key strategy to ensure the environmental and landscape quality of cities. In order to present data on the case study, interviews were conducted with actors responsible for urban-environmental planning in the city of Mindelo and a survey was launched among residents in the neighborhoods of Ribeirinha, Vila Nova/ Lombo Tanque, Bela Vista and Ribeira Bote/Centro, the which constitutes the spatial cut proposed in this study. When analyzing the proposed spatial cut, the collected information showed that the planning or “allotment” model of the city of Mindelo does not offer its residents urban spaces (housing, public space, green and leisure areas) capable of guaranteeing quality of life the population resident. In this sense, the urban-environmental diagnosis accomplished led to the development of a proposal for green areasson two scales: the first at the neighborhood level, where areas with possibilities for creating green areas are identified of proximity, taking into account the different green infrastructure solutions; the second, more specific, presents a previous study (outline) of intervention in the Ribeira de Paúl retention basin, one of the main water lines that drains the city.
Faced with the growth of cities, the natural environment has been transformed and used in the process of city expansion. The need for urban green infrastructure is one of the consequences of this expansion and, when not accompanied by proper planning, strong social and environmental implications ensue, involving situations of risk and vulnerabilities. In Cape Verde the expansion of urban perimeters is common in all urban centers, associate want the legal construction wants, above all spontaneous occupations. In this context, this dissertation has as its central theme the urban expansion and the green infrastructure for the city of Mindelo, with the aim of understanding the problems and challenges facing the urban-environmental planning of the city before the strong urbanization. In response to these challenges, it intends to highlight the potential and contribution of green infrastructure by being integrated into the in urban planning instruments, in order to provide a comprehensive, strategic and sustainable vision of the city of Mindelo. In methodological terms, a bibliographical and documental analysis was carried out that allowed the elaboration of the theoretical framework of the dissertation, approaching the relevant contents to the theme as the process of urban growth and green infrastructure, highlighting its numerous environmental benefits, not only to mitigate the various effects arising from the urbanization process, but also as a key strategy to ensure the environmental and landscape quality of cities. In order to present data on the case study, interviews were conducted with actors responsible for urban-environmental planning in the city of Mindelo and a survey was launched among residents in the neighborhoods of Ribeirinha, Vila Nova/ Lombo Tanque, Bela Vista and Ribeira Bote/Centro, the which constitutes the spatial cut proposed in this study. When analyzing the proposed spatial cut, the collected information showed that the planning or “allotment” model of the city of Mindelo does not offer its residents urban spaces (housing, public space, green and leisure areas) capable of guaranteeing quality of life the population resident. In this sense, the urban-environmental diagnosis accomplished led to the development of a proposal for green areasson two scales: the first at the neighborhood level, where areas with possibilities for creating green areas are identified of proximity, taking into account the different green infrastructure solutions; the second, more specific, presents a previous study (outline) of intervention in the Ribeira de Paúl retention basin, one of the main water lines that drains the city.
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Palavras-chave
Expansão urbana Infraestrutura verde Planeamento urbano e ambiental Sustentabilidade ambiental Cidade do Mindelo Urban expansion Green infrastructure Urban and environmental planning Environmental sustainability City of Mindelo