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Doenças parasitárias intestinais, como tricuríase, ascaridíase, teníase, giardíase, e criptosporidiose, e hepáticas, como fasciolíase, são doenças com baixa prevalência em Portugal, mas com o alto fluxo imigratório registado em Portugal de países cuja prevalência é elevada, é importante monitorizar essas doenças na população para detetar um eventual aumento na prevalência, incluindo na população residente. A avaliação da situação epidemiológica das doenças parasitárias intestinais pode ser realizada através de estudos na população, que podem ser dispendiosos, e enfrentam alguma resistência das populações na obtenção das amostras. Outra opção será a deteção da presença de formas parasitárias excretadas nas fezes, que são coletadas nos sistemas de esgotos ou em fossas sépticas, e, em Portugal, são coletados e tratados em estações de tratamento de águas residuais (ETAR). Para avaliar a presença de parasitas intestinais em populações da Grande Lisboa, foram estudados os afluentes e lamas nas ETAR de Afonsoeiro, Canha, Alcochete, e Quinta do Conde, no distrito de Setúbal, e de Alcântara e Malveira, no distrito de Lisboa. Estas ETAR recolhem águas residuais de áreas urbanas ou de áreas rurais ou com matadouros ou criação de animais. Foram recolhidas amostras de afluente, lamas de reator biológico e lamas desidratadas, mensalmente, e analisadas através da técnica de Willis para deteção de formas parasitárias. As lamas foram tratadas, ou não, com um processo de desfloculação, para verificar se seria mais eficaz na deteção de parasitas. Foram detetados ovos e vermes de nemátodes, assim como do protozoário Balantidium sp., em pelo menos uma colheita em cada ETAR, e tipo de amostra. O processo de desfloculação não permitiu detetar mais formas parasitárias do que sem desfloculação. O método de PCR não detetou parasitas humanos (A. lumbricoides ou T. trichiura), mas sim sequências mais consistentes com nemátodes de vida livre. A metodologia utilizada permitiu detetar nemátodes e protozoários, e mostrou ser útil para a monitorização destes parasitas nas populações.
Intestinal parasitic diseases, such as trichuriasis, ascariasis, taeniasis, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis, and liver diseases, such as fascioliasis, are diseases with low prevalence in Portugal, but with the high immigration flow registered in Portugal from countries with high prevalence, it is important to monitor these diseases in the population to detect a possible increase in prevalence, including in the resident population. The evaluation of the epidemiological situation of intestinal parasitic diseases can be carried out through studies in the population, which can be expensive, and face some resistance from populations in obtaining samples. Another option will be to detect the presence of parasitic forms excreted in feces, which are collected in sewage systems or septic tanks, and, in Portugal, are collected and treated in wastewater treatment plants (ETAR). To assess the presence of intestinal parasites in populations of Greater Lisbon, the tributaries and sludge at the ETARs of Afonsoeiro, Canha, Alcochete, and Quinta do Conde, in the district of Setúbal, and of Alcântara and Malveira, in the district of Lisbon. These ETAR collect wastewater from urban areas or from rural areas or with slaughterhouses or animal husbandry. Samples of influent, biological reactor sludge and dehydrated sludge were collected monthly and analyzed using the Willis technique to detect parasitic forms. The sludge was treated, or not, with a deflocculation process, to see if it would be more effective in detecting parasites. Eggs and larval forms or adults of nematodes, as well as the protozoan Balantidium sp., were detected in at least one collection in each ETAR, and type of sample. The deflocculation process did not detect more parasitic forms than without deflocculation. The PCR method did not detect human parasites (A. lumbricoides or T. trichiura), but sequences were more consistent with free-living nematodes. The methodology used allowed the detection of nematodes and protozoans, and proved to be useful for monitoring these parasites in populations.
Intestinal parasitic diseases, such as trichuriasis, ascariasis, taeniasis, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis, and liver diseases, such as fascioliasis, are diseases with low prevalence in Portugal, but with the high immigration flow registered in Portugal from countries with high prevalence, it is important to monitor these diseases in the population to detect a possible increase in prevalence, including in the resident population. The evaluation of the epidemiological situation of intestinal parasitic diseases can be carried out through studies in the population, which can be expensive, and face some resistance from populations in obtaining samples. Another option will be to detect the presence of parasitic forms excreted in feces, which are collected in sewage systems or septic tanks, and, in Portugal, are collected and treated in wastewater treatment plants (ETAR). To assess the presence of intestinal parasites in populations of Greater Lisbon, the tributaries and sludge at the ETARs of Afonsoeiro, Canha, Alcochete, and Quinta do Conde, in the district of Setúbal, and of Alcântara and Malveira, in the district of Lisbon. These ETAR collect wastewater from urban areas or from rural areas or with slaughterhouses or animal husbandry. Samples of influent, biological reactor sludge and dehydrated sludge were collected monthly and analyzed using the Willis technique to detect parasitic forms. The sludge was treated, or not, with a deflocculation process, to see if it would be more effective in detecting parasites. Eggs and larval forms or adults of nematodes, as well as the protozoan Balantidium sp., were detected in at least one collection in each ETAR, and type of sample. The deflocculation process did not detect more parasitic forms than without deflocculation. The PCR method did not detect human parasites (A. lumbricoides or T. trichiura), but sequences were more consistent with free-living nematodes. The methodology used allowed the detection of nematodes and protozoans, and proved to be useful for monitoring these parasites in populations.
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Parasitologia médica Monitorização epidemiológica Parasitas intestinais Estações de tratamentos de águas residuais Lamas
