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EFEITOS DO ENVELHECIMENTO NAS PROPRIEDADES MECÂNICAS DE UM POLÍMERO FLEXÍVEL PRODUZIDO POR IMPRESSÃO 3D
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Orientador(es)
Resumo(s)
Este estudo teve como objetivo perceber o modo como as propriedades
mecânicas, de uma peça de Poliuretano Termoplástico (TPU) produzida por impressão
3D, se alteram quando esta é exposta a condições climatéricas, nomeadamente
humidade, radiação e temperatura.
TPU trata-se de um material já largamente estudado e comercializado. Este
trata-se de um termoplástico, podendo ser fabricado e moldado por processos que
tenham por base calor, mas com uma resistência mecânica comparável ao de borracha.
Tais características conferem-lhe uma ampla variedade de aplicações pela indústria.
Uma das suas utilizações é em processos de impressão 3D, nomeadamente Fused
Filament Fabrication (FFF).
O tempo de vida deste material é algo também já aprofundado pelos estudos
realizados, nomeadamente o seu envelhecimento devido a condições climatéricas.
Normalmente é sempre reportado uma degradação do material, contudo, verifica-se que
este tópico para peças produzidas por FFF ainda não se encontra aprofundado. É
esperado que o material também sofra degradação, mas pretende-se estudar como esta
afeta as suas propriedades mecânicas.
Para tal, dois grupos de provetes foram sujeitos a ensaios de tração, sendo um
dos grupos envelhecido. Dentro dos grupos foi variada a percentagem de enchimento e
a orientação de impressão. Os dados de cada grupo foram tratados e os seus gráficos de
tensão-extensão foram elaborados.
Por fim, comparando ambos os ensaios de tração, pode concluir-se que os
fatores testados provocaram uma diminuição nas propriedades mecânicas do polímero.
Contudo, para observar maiores variações seria necessário um maior tempo de
exposição às condições em teste.
This study aimed to understand the behaviour of a Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) component produced through 3D printing when exposed to weather conditions, such as humidity, radiation, and temperature. First, a literature review is conducted regarding the material in question and related studies that have already been carried out. TPU is a widely studied and commercialized material. It is a thermoplastic, capable of being manufactured and moulded through heat-based processes, yet possessing mechanical resistance comparable to rubber. These characteristics grant it a wide range of applications in the industry, including its use in 3D printing processes such as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). The material's lifespan has also been extensively explored in previous studies, particularly its aging due to weather conditions. Degradation of the material is typically reported; however, this topic for parts produced by FFF has not yet been studied in depth. It is anticipated that the material will also undergo degradation, but the focus is on studying how this degradation affects its mechanical properties. To achieve this, two groups of specimens underwent tensile testing, with one group being subjected to aging. Within these groups, variations were made in the infill percentage and printing orientation. The data from each group were processed, and their stress-strain graphs were generated using MatLab software. Finally, comparing both tensile tests, it can be concluded that the factors tested caused a decrease in the polymer's mechanical properties. However, in order to observe greater variations, a longer exposure time to the test conditions would be necessary.
This study aimed to understand the behaviour of a Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) component produced through 3D printing when exposed to weather conditions, such as humidity, radiation, and temperature. First, a literature review is conducted regarding the material in question and related studies that have already been carried out. TPU is a widely studied and commercialized material. It is a thermoplastic, capable of being manufactured and moulded through heat-based processes, yet possessing mechanical resistance comparable to rubber. These characteristics grant it a wide range of applications in the industry, including its use in 3D printing processes such as Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). The material's lifespan has also been extensively explored in previous studies, particularly its aging due to weather conditions. Degradation of the material is typically reported; however, this topic for parts produced by FFF has not yet been studied in depth. It is anticipated that the material will also undergo degradation, but the focus is on studying how this degradation affects its mechanical properties. To achieve this, two groups of specimens underwent tensile testing, with one group being subjected to aging. Within these groups, variations were made in the infill percentage and printing orientation. The data from each group were processed, and their stress-strain graphs were generated using MatLab software. Finally, comparing both tensile tests, it can be concluded that the factors tested caused a decrease in the polymer's mechanical properties. However, in order to observe greater variations, a longer exposure time to the test conditions would be necessary.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Termoplástico Poliuretano Manufatura Aditiva Fused Filament Fabrication Envelhecimento polímeros