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O impacto das micotoxinas na qualidade nutricional de juvenis de dourada (Sparus aurata)
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A aquacultura é um sector que desempenha um papel preponderante na produção de pescado para a alimentação humana. Nos últimos anos, os ingredientes de origem animal têm sido substituídos por outros de origem vegetal nas rações de aquacultura de forma a tornar o sector mais sustentável. Contudo, esta estratégia levantou novas problemáticas, pela deteção de elevados teores de micotoxinas nestes ingredientes. Deste modo, é crucial enriquecer o limitado conhecimento científico sobre os efeitos adversos destes contaminantes no valor nutricional do pescado e, consequentemente, na saúde humana. Este estudo científico teve como objetivo investigar os efeitos da exposição às fumonisina B1 (FB1=139,05 μg/kg de ração) e eniatina B (ENNB=154,06 μg/kg de ração), isoladas e em combinação (FB1=130,10 e ENNB=121,12 μg/kg de ração), ao longo de um período de 28 dias, sobre a qualidade nutricional de juvenis de dourada (Sparus aurata). Para esses efeitos, foi efetuada a análise da composição química aproximada (ex. humidade, gordura, proteína, glicogénio e valor energético), do perfil de ácidos gordos total e da composição de macro e microelementos essenciais. Os resultados demonstraram que a ENNB isoladamente afetou significativamente vários parâmetros nutricionais, conduzindo à redução da taxa relativa de crescimento, assim como dos teores de humidade, zinco e grupo carbonilo, contudo, provocou um aumento da peroxidação lipídica. Já a FB1 reduziu significativamente o índice hepatossomático, os teores de humidade, glicogénio e oxidação proteica, enquanto, aumentou significativamente o peso, o comprimento e os teores de magnésio e potássio. A ação combinada das duas micotoxinas provocou impactos significativos, aumentando a condição de Fulton, o peso e os teores de magnésio e potássio, e reduzindo os teores de humidade e oxidação proteica. Os elementos essenciais revelaram ser os componentes nutricionais mais afetados, neste estudo, e sendo o peixe uma ótima fonte destes micronutrientes, conclui-se que ocorreram impactos negativos da FB1 e ENNB sobre a composição do pescado, que podem eventualmente alterar o valor nutricional destes alimentos. O trabalho realizado reforça a necessidade de se efetuar uma análise de risco-benefício do consumo de pescado de aquacultura e, ainda, a necessidade de haver uma maior monitorização e controlo das micotoxinas encontradas nas rações e pescado. Adicionalmente, é urgente a inclusão das micotoxinas emergentes na legislação deste tipo de géneros alimentícios.
Aquaculture sector plays an important role in the production of fish for human consumption. In recent years, ingredients from animal sources have been replaced by other from vegetable source in aquaculture feed in order to improve the sustainability of the sector. However, this strategy raise new issues, due to the detection of high levels of mycotoxins in these ingredients. It is therefore crucial to enrich the limited scientific knowledge on the adverse effects of these contaminants on the nutritional value of fish and, consequently, on human health. This scientific study aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to fumonisin B1 (FB1=139.05 μg/kg feed) and enniatin B (ENNB=154.06 μg/kg feed), alone and in combination (FB1=130.10 and ENNB=121.12 μg/kg feed), over a period of 28 days, on the nutritional quality of juvenile sea bream (Sparus aurata). For these purposes, the approximate chemical composition (e.g. moisture, fat, protein, glycogen and energy value), the total fatty acid profile and the composition of essential macro- and microelements were analyzed. The results showed that ENNB alone significantly affected several nutritional parameters, leading to a reduction in the relative growth rate, as well as in the moisture, zinc and carbonyl group contents, however led to an increase in the lipid peroxidation. FB1 significantly reduced the hepatosomatic index, moisture, glycogen and protein oxidation, while significantly increased weight, length and magnesium and potassium contents. The combined action of both mycotoxins had a significant impact, increasing Fulton´s K condition, weight and magnesium and potassium contents, and a significant reduction in moisture and protein oxidation. The essential elements proved to be the most affected nutritional components in this study, and since fish is an excellent source of these micronutrients, it can be concluded that there have been negative impacts of FB1 and ENNB on the composition of fish , which could possibly alter the nutritional value of these foods. Furthermore, it is essential to perform a risk-benefit analysis of the consumption of farmed fish, and there is also a need for monitoring and control of mycotoxins found in finished feeds and seafood. In addition, there is an urgent need to include emerging mycotoxins in the legislation for this type of foodstuffs.
Aquaculture sector plays an important role in the production of fish for human consumption. In recent years, ingredients from animal sources have been replaced by other from vegetable source in aquaculture feed in order to improve the sustainability of the sector. However, this strategy raise new issues, due to the detection of high levels of mycotoxins in these ingredients. It is therefore crucial to enrich the limited scientific knowledge on the adverse effects of these contaminants on the nutritional value of fish and, consequently, on human health. This scientific study aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to fumonisin B1 (FB1=139.05 μg/kg feed) and enniatin B (ENNB=154.06 μg/kg feed), alone and in combination (FB1=130.10 and ENNB=121.12 μg/kg feed), over a period of 28 days, on the nutritional quality of juvenile sea bream (Sparus aurata). For these purposes, the approximate chemical composition (e.g. moisture, fat, protein, glycogen and energy value), the total fatty acid profile and the composition of essential macro- and microelements were analyzed. The results showed that ENNB alone significantly affected several nutritional parameters, leading to a reduction in the relative growth rate, as well as in the moisture, zinc and carbonyl group contents, however led to an increase in the lipid peroxidation. FB1 significantly reduced the hepatosomatic index, moisture, glycogen and protein oxidation, while significantly increased weight, length and magnesium and potassium contents. The combined action of both mycotoxins had a significant impact, increasing Fulton´s K condition, weight and magnesium and potassium contents, and a significant reduction in moisture and protein oxidation. The essential elements proved to be the most affected nutritional components in this study, and since fish is an excellent source of these micronutrients, it can be concluded that there have been negative impacts of FB1 and ENNB on the composition of fish , which could possibly alter the nutritional value of these foods. Furthermore, it is essential to perform a risk-benefit analysis of the consumption of farmed fish, and there is also a need for monitoring and control of mycotoxins found in finished feeds and seafood. In addition, there is an urgent need to include emerging mycotoxins in the legislation for this type of foodstuffs.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Ração de aquacultura Qualidade nutricional Eniatina B Fumonisina B1 Sparus aurata