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RAPID DNA 90 MINUTOS DEPOIS
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A evolução tecnológica teve um forte impacto nas estratégias de investigação criminal. Se nos primórdios da investigação criminal a prova era baseada essencialmente nos testemunhos dos intervenientes ou confissões, com o aparecimento das chamadas provas periciais toda a estratégia e método de investigação mudou.
Atualmente a investigação de crimes violentos como homicídios, roubo ou crimes sexuais baseia-se em grande parte na prova pericial, relegando a prova testemunhal para um papel de menor importância.
A chamada genética forense ocupa um lugar primordial na investigação criminal, porque, como por exemplo a lofoscopia, permite dar um “nome” aos autores do crime. A obtenção de um perfil genético numa cena de crime, após comparação com uma amostra de referência, permite identificar o autor, impede a livre apreciação pelo juiz e ser considerado uma prova pericial, fundamental nas estratégias da investigação criminal moderna.
A questão que se coloca agora é o equilíbrio entre a robustez técnica da prova pericial e a rapidez de resposta dada pelos laboratórios. Esta necessidade conduziu ao desenvolvimento de um workflow para obtenção de perfis de DNA no Sector da Biologia do Laboratório de Polícia Científica (LPC) da Polícia Judiciaria que permitisse dar uma resposta rápida, com robustez técnica e científica num curto período de tempo (menos de 3 horas).
Neste trabalho será apresentada em primeiro lugar uma perspetiva da carreira profissional do autor e, em seguida todo o processo de decisão, implementação e resultados práticos da criação do workflow de um sistema de RAPID DNA no Sector da Biologia do LPC em que participou.
Technological developments had a strong impact on criminal investigation strategies. If in the beginning of criminal investigation, the evidence was essentially based on the testimonies of the participants or confessions, with the appearance of the so-called expert evidence, the whole strategy and method of investigation changed. Nowadays the investigation of violent crimes such as homicides, theft or sexual crimes is largely based on expert evidence, with testimonial evidence playing a minor role. The so-called forensic genetics occupies a primordial place in criminal investigation, because, like lophoscopy, for example, it allows to give a “name” to the perpetrators of the crime. Obtaining a genetic profile at a crime scene that, when compared with a reference sample, allows the author to be identified and be considered expert evidence, which prevents the judge from freely assessing the evidence, makes this evidence fundamental in criminal investigation strategies Modern. The question that arises now is the balance between the technical robustness of the expert evidence and the prompt response by the laboratories. To address this, it is fundamental to have a proper workflow to obtain DNA profiles in the Biology Sector of the Scientific Police Laboratory (LPC) of the Judiciary Police that would allow a quick response, with technical and scientific robustness in a short period of time (less than 3 hours). In this work, an overview of the author's professional career is firstly presented, followed by description of the entire decision-making process, implementation and practical results of creating the workflow of a RAPID DNA system in the Biology Sector of the LPC in which he participated.
Technological developments had a strong impact on criminal investigation strategies. If in the beginning of criminal investigation, the evidence was essentially based on the testimonies of the participants or confessions, with the appearance of the so-called expert evidence, the whole strategy and method of investigation changed. Nowadays the investigation of violent crimes such as homicides, theft or sexual crimes is largely based on expert evidence, with testimonial evidence playing a minor role. The so-called forensic genetics occupies a primordial place in criminal investigation, because, like lophoscopy, for example, it allows to give a “name” to the perpetrators of the crime. Obtaining a genetic profile at a crime scene that, when compared with a reference sample, allows the author to be identified and be considered expert evidence, which prevents the judge from freely assessing the evidence, makes this evidence fundamental in criminal investigation strategies Modern. The question that arises now is the balance between the technical robustness of the expert evidence and the prompt response by the laboratories. To address this, it is fundamental to have a proper workflow to obtain DNA profiles in the Biology Sector of the Scientific Police Laboratory (LPC) of the Judiciary Police that would allow a quick response, with technical and scientific robustness in a short period of time (less than 3 hours). In this work, an overview of the author's professional career is firstly presented, followed by description of the entire decision-making process, implementation and practical results of creating the workflow of a RAPID DNA system in the Biology Sector of the LPC in which he participated.
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Genética forense Rapid DNA RapidHIT® ID LPC